Which of the following is true according to Gandhi Ji? I. Teacher who use textbooks doesn’t impart originality II. Textbooks if used as vehicle of education, provide value to teaching

Which of the following is true according to Gandhi Ji? I. Teacher who use textbooks doesn’t impart originality II. Textbooks if used as vehicle of education, provide value to teaching Correct Answer Only I

Writing in Harijan, 1937, Gandhi explained as to what he understood by education: ‘by education, I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man-body, mind and spirit. Literacy is not the end of education nor even the beginning. It is one of the means whereby man and woman can be educated'. He is the author of the book true education. Also note:

  • The right to autonomy that Gandhi’s educational plan assigns to the teacher in the context of the school’s daily curriculum is consistent with the libertarian principles that he shared with Tolstoy.
  • Gandhi wanted to free the Indian teacher from interference from outside, particularly government or state bureaucracy.
  • Under colonial rule, the teacher had a prescribed job to do that was based on what the authorities wanted the children to learn.
  • Textbooks were mandatory so that Gandhi found that 'the living word of the teacher has very little value.
  • A teacher who teaches from textbooks does not impart originality to his pupils.
  • On the other hand, Gandhi’s vision implied the end of the teacher’s subservience to the prescribed textbook and the curriculum.
  • It presented a concept of learning that simply could not be fully implemented with the help of textbooks.
  • Of equal, if not more important, was the freedom it gave the teacher in matters of curriculum.
  • It denied the state the power to decide what teachers taught and what they did in the classroom.
  • It gave autonomy to the teacher but it was, above all, a libertarian approach to schooling that transferred power from the state to the village (Burke 2000). 

Hence, we conclude that 'the teacher who teaches from textbooks does not impart originality to his pupils' was opinion given by Mahatma Gandhi.

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What is Gandhian philosophy? It is the religious and social ideas adopted and developed by Gandhi, first during his period in South Africa from 1893 to 1914, and later of course in India. These ideas have been further developed by later "Gandhians", most notably, in India by, Vinoba Bhave and Jayaprakash Narayan. Outside of India some of the work of, for example, Martin Luther King Jr. can also be viewed in this light. Understanding the universe to be an organic whole, the philosophy exists on several planes - the spiritual or religious, moral, political, economic, social, individual and collective. The spiritual or religious element, and God, is at its core. Human nature is regarded as fundamentally virtuous. All individuals are believed to be capable of high moral development, and of reform. The twin cardinal principles of Gandhi's thought are truth and nonviolence. It should be remembered that the English word "truth" is an imperfect translation of the Sanskrit, "satya", and "non-violence", an even more imperfect translation of "ahimsa". Derived from "sat" - "that which exists" - "satya" contains a dimension of meaning not usually associated by English speakers with the word "truth". There are other variations, too, which we need not go into here. For Gandhi, truth is the relative truth of truthfulness in word and deed, and the absolute truth - the Ultimate Reality. This ultimate truth is God (as God is also Truth) and morality - the moral laws and code - its basis. Ahimsa, far from meaning mere peacefulness or the absence of overt violence, is understood by Gandhi to denote active love - the pole opposite of violence, or "Himsa", in every sense. The ultimate station Gandhi assigns non violence stems from two main points. First, if according to the Divine Reality all life is one, then all violence committed towards another is violence towards oneself, towards the collective, whole self, and thus "self"-destructive and counter to the universal law of life, which is love. Second, Gandhi believed that ahimsa is the most powerful force in existence. Had himsa been superior to ahimsa, humankind would long ago have succeeded in destroying itself. The human race certainly could not have progressed as far as it has, even if universal justice remains far off the horizon. From both viewpoints, non violence or love is regarded as the highest law of humankind.
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