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In a group discussion on shape and size of the Earth, three students stated the following points : 1. Student 1: The shape of the Earth is basically an oblate spheroid. 2. Student 2: The polar diameter of the Earth is more than the equatorial diameter. 3. Student 3: Bulge along the equatorial region is due to revolution of the Earth. Who among the above students is/are correct?

In a group discussion on shape and size of the Earth, three students stated the following points : 1. Student 1: The shape of the Earth is basically an oblate spheroid. 2. Student 2: The polar diameter of the Earth is more than the equatorial diameter. 3. Student 3: Bulge along the equatorial region is due to revolution of the Earth. Who among the above students is/are correct? Correct Answer <span style="">Student 1 only</span>

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

  • Shape and size of the Earth
    • As the earth is slightly flattened at the poles, the linear distance of a degree of latitude at the pole is a little longer than that at the equator.
    • For example at the equator (0°) it is 68.704 miles, at 45° it is 69.054 miles and at the poles, it is 69.407 miles. The average is taken as 69 miles (111km).
    • Earth is not a perfect sphere. Its shape is an oblate spheroid. This just means that it flattens at the poles and widens out at the equator. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
    • The radius of the earth is different at both poles and the equator.
      • The equatorial diameter( twice of radius) is 12756 km but, the polar diameter is 12713 km. Hence, Statement 2 is not correct.
    • The Earth has a rather slight equatorial bulge. it is about 43 km (27 mi) wider at the equator than pole-to-pole, a difference which is close to 1/300 of the diameter.
    • The rotation of the earth also affects the sea level, the imaginary surface that is used to measure altitudes.
    • The Earth is wider at the equator than from pole to pole, mainly because the centrifugal forces of its rotation make it bulge outwards. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
    • Satellites can measure their average shape using gravity and altitude data.
  • [ alt="Polar diameter" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/22/05/Polar%20diameter.png" style="width: 450px; height: 278px;">

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