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The load characteristic of alternator will have drooping shape due to

The load characteristic of alternator will have drooping shape due to Correct Answer internal voltage drops because of resistance and synchronous reactance

Load characteristics of an alternator:

The relationship between the terminal voltage and load current of an alternator is known as its load characteristics.

While the exciting current and the speed remain constant, the terminal voltage changes with the load current in the armature.

When the armature current (Ia) increases, the terminal voltage drops by Ia ZS. This is mainly due to 

  1. Resistance (Ra) and armature reactance (Xs = Synchronous reactance).

  2. Armature reaction.

Synchronous impedance is Zs = Ra +jXs.

The terminal voltage at no-load is

Vph  = Eph 

When the load is applied,

Vph = Eph - Ia Zs.

Vph = Terminal voltage

Eph = Induced emf

Zs = Synchronous impedance.

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