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Imagine you are standing on some point on equator, let us call it P. The geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian passing through P make an θ between them, then θ is

Imagine you are standing on some point on equator, let us call it P. The geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian passing through P make an θ between them, then θ is Correct Answer None of the above

CONCEPT:

Geographical and magnetic poles

  • The strength of the earth’s magnetic field varies from place to place on the earth’s surface; its value being of the order of 10–5 T. 
  • The axis of the dipole does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the earth but is presently titled by approximately 11.3° with respect to the latter. The magnetic poles are located where the magnetic field lines due to the dipole enter or leave the earth.
    • The location of the north magnetic pole (also called magnetic north) is at a latitude of 79.74° N and a longitude of 71.8° W, a place somewhere in northern Canada. The magnetic south pole (magnetic south) is at 79.74° S, 108.22° E in Antarctica.
  • The pole near the geographic north pole (also called true north) of the earth is called the north magnetic pole. Likewise, the pole near the geographic south pole is called the south magnetic pole. 
    • The north magnetic pole behaves like the south pole of a bar magnet inside the earth and vice versa. 

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EXPLANATION: 

  • There are infinite geographic meridians passing through the geographic north and the geographic south. Similarly, there are infinite magnetic meridians passing through the magnetic north and the magnetic south.
  • The angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian depends on the third point in common they pass through. If we alter that point, the angle between the meridians change.

  • Therefore option 4 is correct.

Additional Information

  • Magnetic Declination (θ): It is the angle between geographic and magnetic meridian planes.
    • Declination at a place is expressed at θ° E or θ° W depending upon whether the north pole of the compass needle lies to the east or to the west of the geographical axis.
  • The angle of inclination or Dip (Φ): It is the angle between the direction of the intensity of the total magnetic field of earth and a horizontal line in the magnetic meridian. 

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