The concept of absolute liability was developed by the Supreme Court of India in M. C. Mehta v. Union of India, the judgment of which was delivered by:

A five-judge bench of the Supreme Court passes judgment in a matter. In a later case before a high court, a party presents the Supreme Court judgment as a binding authority. The opposing party claims that the high court is not bound by the Supreme Court's judgment because relevant provisions of law were not brought to the notice of the Supreme Court in that case. Which of the following is most correct in this case?
Principle: Article 141 of the Constitution provides that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts within the territory of India.

A

Since the relevant provisions of law were not brought to the notice of the Supreme Court, the five-judge bench's decision is not 'law' within the meaning of Article 141, and is not binding on the high court

B

The Supreme Court must expressly declare that its judgment is binding on all courts within the territory of India when passing judgment. In this case, the Supreme Court has not done so, and therefore, the decision of the five-judge bench is not binding on the high court

C

The High Court cannot ignore the decision of the Supreme Court on the ground that relevant provisions of law were not brought to its notice. Under Article 141, it is bound by the decision of the Supreme Court

D

Only those decisions that are passed by a larger bench than the five-judge bench would be hinding on the high court, since legitimate doubts have been raised about the propriety of the five-judge bench's decision

E

The decision of the five-judge bench, since it is in conflict with other decisions, must first be decided upon by a larger bench on the Supreme Court. Only after that would the decision be binding on all other courts under Article 141 of the Constitution

Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to 'absolute liability' principle laid down in M. C. Mehta v. Union of India. Answer by using the below:
(1) The principle was approved except as to quantum of damages in Charan Lal Sahu v. Union of India
(2) The principle in determining compensation was applied in Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India
(3) The compensation to be awarded must have some broad correlation not only with magnitude and capacity of the enterprise but also with the harm caused by it was held in Deepak Nitrite v. State of Gujarat
(4) The principle is not followed in India because Parliament could not yet pass Public Liability Insurance Bill, 1991

A

Only (1) is correct

B

(1) and (2) are correct

C

(1), (2) and (3) are correct

D

(1), (2), (3) and (4) are correct

Which of the following statements are correct? Answer by using the code given below:
1. Persons in Govt/Judicial service need not resign to participate in District judge selection process held in "Vijay Kumar Misra and another v. High Court of Judicature at Patna" by the Supreme Court of India
2. The Supreme Court of India held in S. Kazi v. Muslim Education Society that " All Tribunals are not necessary parties to the proceedings where legality of its orders challenged"
3. The Supreme Court of India observed in Cardanumom Marketing Corporation and others v. State of Kerala and others that Social Security to the legal profession becomes an essential part of legal system
4. The Supreme Court of India held in 'Union of India v. Rajasthan High Court and others that High Court judges are exempted from Airport frisking.

A

Only 2 is correct

B

1, 2 and 3 are correct

C

2, 3 and 4 are correct

D

1, 2 and 4 are correct

Consider the following judgments of the Supreme Court which dealt with the appointment and transfer of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts:
1. S. P. Gupta v. Union of India
2. Sankal Chand Seth v. Union of India
3. In re Special Reference No. 1 of 1998
4. Supreme Court Advocates on Record Association v. Union of India
Which one of the following is the correct chronological order in which the above judgments were delivered?

A

1, 2, 3, 4

B

2, 1, 3, 4

C

2, 1, 4, 3

D

1, 2, 4, 3

The constitution of India has made which of the following provisions to safeguard and ensure the independence and impartial functioning of the Supreme court? 1. The salaries, allowances, privileges, leave and pension of the judges of the Supreme Court cannot be changed to their disadvantage after their appointment even during a financial emergency. 2. The retired judges of the Supreme Court are prohibited from pleading or acting in any Court or before any authority within the territory of India. 3. The Parliament is not authorised to curtail the jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court. 4. The judges of the Supreme Court are provided with the Security of Tenure. Select the correct answer using the correct code given below:

A

1, 2 and 4 only

B

2 and 4 only

C

1 and 3 only

D

2, 3 and 4

Which of the following subject matters Articles Related to Supreme Court is NOT correctly stated with their respective Article no.? 138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 137. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court 136. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court 135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court

A

1 and 4

B

2 and 3

C

1,2 and 4

D

All of the above

Which of the following subject matters Articles Related to Supreme Court is NOT correctly stated with their respective Article no.? 128. Supreme Court to be a court of record 131. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 130 A. Exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of Central Laws (Repealed) 130. Seat of Supreme Court

A

2 and 4

B

1 and 3

C

3 only

D

1,2 and 3

Which of the following subject matters Articles Related to Supreme Court is correctly stated with their respective Article no.? 133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases 132. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters 134 A. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters 134 . Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court

A

1 and 2

B

3 and 4

C

1, 2 and 4

D

None of the above

Which of the following statements regarding the 'advisory jurisdiction of Supreme Court' is correct:
1. The opinion of Supreme Court may be sought by the President on any question of law or fact
2. In case the opinion of the Supreme Court is sought it is bound to give
3. The advice given by Supreme Court on matters referred to it is binding on the President
4. Advisory jurisdiction of Supreme Court can also be exercised over disputes arising out of references made over preconstitutional treaties

A

1 and 3

B

1 and 4

C

2 and 3

D

1, 2, 3 and 4

Propositions as regards the liability of the surety under the surety bond are:
1. The liability of the surety is mutually exclusive of the liability of the accused under his personal bond.
2. The liability of the surety is contingent on the liability of the accused under his personal bond the liability of the surety.
3. is limited to the amount of the surety bond.
Now which of the following is correct

A

1 and 3 are correct

B

1 and 2 are correct

C

2 and 3 are correct

D

1, 2 and 3 all are correct

The concept of absolute liability was developed by the Supreme Court of India in M. C. Mehta v. Union of India, the judgment of which was delivered by:

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