For the design of retaining walls, the minimum factor of safety against overturning is taken as

If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

A

$${\text{h}} = \frac{{\text{W}}}{{{\text{Aw}}}}\left$$

B

$${\text{h}} = \frac{{\text{W}}}{{{\text{Aw}}}}\left$$

C

$${\text{h}} = \frac{{\text{W}}}{{{\text{Aw}}}}{\left^2}$$

D

$${\text{h}} = \sqrt {\frac{{\text{W}}}{{{\text{Aw}}}}} {\left^2}$$

The design stress, which is more than the damaging stress, is the least unit stress that will render a member unfit for service before the end of its normal life. The design stress factor or factor of safety indicates the margin between design stress and the __________ stress.

A

Working

B

Damaging

C

Allowable

D

None of these

If ‘W’ is weight of a retaining wall and ‘P’ is the horizontal earth pressure, the factor of safety against sliding, is

A

1.0

B

1.25

C

1.5

D

2.0

If ‘H’ is the overall height of a retaining wall retaining a surcharge, the width of the base slab usually provided, is

A

0.3 H

B

0.4 H

C

0.5 H

D

0.7 H

If Q is load factor, S is shape factor and F is factor of safety in elastic design, the following:

A

Q = S + F

B

Q = S - F

C

Q = F - S

D

Q = S × F

Factor of safety (i.e., overdesign factor) in heat transfer equipments is about __________ percent more than the actual/theoretical design factor.

A

5-10

B

15-20

C

30-35

D

35-40

Weep holes are provided in retaining and breast walls

A

To drain off the water from the filling

B

To ventilate the stone masonry

C

To add architectural beauty

D

To increase compaction of the earth retained

Cantilever retaining walls can safely be used for a height not more than

A

3 m

B

4 m

C

5 m

D

6 m

In counterfort retaining walls, the main reinforcement in the stem at support is

A

Not provided

B

Provided only on inner face

C

Provided only on front face

D

Provided both on inner and front faces

Stones used for the construction of retaining walls must be

A

Soft

B

Hard

C

Light

D

Heavy

For the design of retaining walls, the minimum factor of safety against overturning is taken as

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