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Which of these materials can sustain the high temperatures of the rocket’s exhaust?

Which of these materials can sustain the high temperatures of the rocket’s exhaust? Correct Answer Tungsten

There are two materials which can sustain the high exhaust temperatures which are graphite and tungsten. Aluminum, Nickel, Steel are common construction materials for the rocket where high temperatures are not achieved.

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Oxides of nitrogen in Petrol engine exhaust can be reduced by the following methods:
1. Use of 5% lean mixture
2. Advancing the spark timing
3. Recirculating a fraction of exhaust gas
4. Using an oxidation catalyst in the exhaust manifold
Which of the above statements is/are correct?