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Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (Low-Latitude Climate) List I (Characteristic) A. Wet Equatorial 1. Uniform temperatures, mean near 27°C  B. Monsoon and trade wind coastal 2. Marked temperature cycle with very high temperature before the rainy season C. Wet-dry tropical  3. Temperatures show an annual cycle with a high temperature in the high-Sun season Strong temperature cycle. with intense temperature during the high-Sun season  D. Dry tropical 4. Strong temperature cycle, with intense temperature during the high-Sun season

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (Low-Latitude Climate) List I (Characteristic) A. Wet Equatorial 1. Uniform temperatures, mean near 27°C  B. Monsoon and trade wind coastal 2. Marked temperature cycle with very high temperature before the rainy season C. Wet-dry tropical  3. Temperatures show an annual cycle with a high temperature in the high-Sun season Strong temperature cycle. with intense temperature during the high-Sun season  D. Dry tropical 4. Strong temperature cycle, with intense temperature during the high-Sun season Correct Answer A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

The correct answer is A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4.

Key Points

Wet Equatorial climate

  • The equatorial, hot, wet climate is found between 50 and 100 north and south of the equator.
  • Its greatest extent is found in the lowlands of the Amazon, the Congo, Malaysia, and therefore the East Indies.
  • The most outstanding feature of the equatorial climate is its great uniformity of temperature throughout the year.
  • The mean monthly temperatures are always around 27°C with very little or no variation.
  • There is no winter. Cloudiness and heavy precipitation moderates the daily temperature, so that even at the equator itself, the climate is not unbearable.
  • Precipitation is heavy, between 60 inches and 100 inches, and well distributed throughout the year. There is no month without rain.
  • It supports a luxuriant type of vegetation like the tropical rainforest.

Monsoon and trade wind coastal climate

  • It is found in the zones between 5° and 30° latitudes on either side of the equator.
  • These areas are the tropical monsoon lands with on-shore wet monsoons within the summer and off-shore dry monsoons in the winter.
  • They are best developed in the Indian sub-continent, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, parts of Vietnam and south China, and northern Australia.
  • Markedtemperature cycle with very high temperature before the rainy season.
  • The mean temperature of the month is above 180 Celcius, in summer 300-450 Celcius, and in winter 150 - 300 Celcius.
  • The annual mean rainfall is 200- 250 cm.

Wet-dry Tropical climate

  • The Tropical Wet/Dry climate is the driest of the tropical wet climates.
  • Like the monsoon climate, it has a distinct seasonality to its precipitation.
  • However, its wet season is much shorter and receives far less precipitation than the monsoon climate.
  • Temperatures in tropical wet-dry climate regions are high throughout the year but show a greater range than wet equatorial (Af) and Am climates i.e. 190–200 C in winter and 240–270 C in summer.
  • Temperatures show an annual cycle with a high temperature in the high-Sun season Strong temperature cycle, with intense temperature during the high-Sun season.
  • It is also known as the "Savanna" climate, it supports a ground cover of drought-resistant grasses with scattered trees, but not enough rainfall to make agriculture a viable, life-sustaining activity.

Dry Tropical climate

  • Dry Tropical climates (Deserts) are regions of scanty rainfall which may be hot like the hot deserts of the Saharan type or temperate as are the mid-latitude deserts like the Gobi.
  • The major hot deserts of the world are located on the western coasts of continents between latitudes 15º and 30ºN and S.
  • Hot and Dry Deserts temperature ranges from 200 C to 250 C.
  • The extreme maximum temperature for hot desert ranges from 430 C to 490C and cold deserts temperature in winter ranges from -20 C to 40 C and in the summer 210 C to 260 C a year.
  • It has a strong temperature cycle, with intense temperature during the high-Sun season.
  • Hot and Dry Deserts usually have very little rainfall in short periods between long rainless periods.

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A passage is given with five questions following it. Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given fouralternatives. Teaching about compassion and empathy in schools can help deal with problems of climate change and environmental degradation,” says Barbara Maas, secretary,
Standing Committee for Environment and Conservation, International Buddhist Confederation (IBC). She was in New Delhi to participate in the IBCs governing
council meeting, December 10-11, 2017. “We started an awareness campaign in the year 2005-2006 with H H The Dalai Lama when we learnt that tiger skins were
being traded in China and Tibet. At that time, I was not a Buddhist; I wrote to the Dalai Lama asking him to say that this is harmful and he wrote back to say, “We
will stop this.” He used very strong words during the Kalachakra in 2006, when he said, If he sees people wearing fur and skins, he doesnt feel like living. This sent
huge shock waves in the Himalayan community. Within six months, in Lhasa, people ripped the fur trim of their tubba, the traditional Tibetan dress. The messenger was ideal and the audience was receptive,” says Maas who is a conservationist. She has studied the battered foxs behavioral ecology in Serengeti,Africa. She heads the endangered species conservation at the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) International Foundation for Nature, Berlin. “I met Samdhong Rinpoche, The Karmapa, HH the Dalai Lama and Geshe Lhakdor and I thought, if by being a Buddhist, you become like this, I am going for it, “says Maas, who led the IBC initiative for including the Buddhist perspective to the global discourse on climate change by presenting the statement, The Time to Act is Now: a Buddhist Declaration on Climate Change, at COP21 in Paris. “It was for the first time in the history of Buddhism that leaders of different sanghas came together to take a stand on anything! The statement lists a couple of important things: the first is that we amass things that we dont need; there is overpopulation; we need to live with contentment and deal with each other and the environment with love and compassion,” elaborates Maas. She is an ardent advocate of a vegan diet because “consuming meat and milk globally contributes more to climate change than all "transport in the world.” Turning vegetarian or vegan usually requires complete change of perspective before one gives up eating their favorite food. What are the Buddhist ways to bringabout this kind of change at the individual level? “To change our behavior, Buddhism is an ideal vehicle; it made me a more contented person,” says Maas, who grewup in Germany, as a sausage chomping, meat-loving individual. She says, “If I can change, so can anybody”. According to the passage, how can studying compassion and empathy in schools help?