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The findings supporting a diagnosis of pre-renal rather than established acute renal failure are
A Oliguria <700 ml per day
B A urinary osmololity>600 mosmol/kg
C A urinary sodium cone
D <20 mosmol/l
E Urine / plasma urea ratio> 10: 1
F Hypertension rather than hypotension
Hormones regulate the reabsorption of substance from proximal convoluted tubule of kidney are
A Angiotesin-II
B Parathormone
C Aldosterone
D Atrial natriuretic peptide
E ADH
The cells of the distal convoluted tubule
A Contain main target cells for ADH
B Form NH4+ ions
C Reabsorb most of the potassium ions from the glomerular filtrate
D Reabsorb most of the chloride ions from the glomerular filtrate
E Reabsorb potassium ions in exchange for hydrogen ions
Na+ can be reabsorbed across the luminal membrane of proximal convoluted tubule by
A Co-Transport with glucose
B Co-Transport with amino acid
C Counter transport with H+
D Co-transport with K+
E Co-transport with CI-
Na+ can be transported across the luminal membrane of proximal convolated tubule by
A Counter transport with H+
B Co-transport with organic solutes
C Through sodium channels
D Na+-K+ ATP ase system
E Co-transport with CI-
'Renal failure' means ----
A kidney failure
B heart failure
C collapse of the lungs
D Severe low blood pressure
Causes of renal failure in multiple myeloma includes all except :
A Hypocalcaemia
B Amyloild deposition
C Membranous glomerulonephritis
D Para protein deposition
The renal arteries
A Are related posteriorly to the crus of the diaphragm of the same side
B Supply branches to the corresponding suprarenal gland
C Are unequal in size
D Arise from the aorta at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra
E Give testicular branches
Left renal vein receives blood from
A Left kidney
B Left adrenal gland
C Left gonad
D Spleen
E Left colon
With regard to a plain abdominal x-ray renal trauma is likely if
A The psoas shadow is outlined more clearly
B There are fractured ribs 10
C 11
D 12
E There is scoliosis to the injured side
F Riggler’s sign is present
G There are fractures of transverse process of T5

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