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Consider the following statements about the sedimentary rocks: 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed by lithification. 2. Coal deposits occur in river basins of the Damodar, Mahanadi, the Godavari in the Gondwana sedimentary deposits. 3. They hold the most informative geological records due to the marks left behind by various geophysical (weather patterns, wind, and water flow) and biological activities (fossils). 4. Granite, gabbro, basalt, are some of the examples of sedimentary rocks. Which of these statements are correct?

Consider the following statements about the sedimentary rocks: 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed by lithification. 2. Coal deposits occur in river basins of the Damodar, Mahanadi, the Godavari in the Gondwana sedimentary deposits. 3. They hold the most informative geological records due to the marks left behind by various geophysical (weather patterns, wind, and water flow) and biological activities (fossils). 4. Granite, gabbro, basalt, are some of the examples of sedimentary rocks. Which of these statements are correct? Correct Answer 1, 2 and 3 only

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Important Points

  • Sedimentary rocks are formed by lithification ― consolidation, and compaction of sediments. Hence, they are layered or stratified of varying thickness. Example: sandstone, shale, etc. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • These types of rocks cover 75 percent of the earth’s crust but volumetrically occupy only 5 percent (because they are available only in the upper part of the crust).
  • Coal deposits occur in river basins of the Damodar, Mahanadi, the Godavari in the Gondwana sedimentary deposits. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • They are stratified ― consist of many layers or strata.
  • They hold the most informative geological records due to the marks left behind by various geophysical (weather patterns, wind, and water flow) and biological activities (fossils). Hence, statement 3 is correct.
  • They are fossiliferous ― have fossils of plants and animals.
  • Ice deposited sedimentary rocks are called till or tillite. Wind-deposited sediments are called loess.
  • Depending upon the mode of formation, sedimentary rocks are classified into:
    • Mechanically formed — sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, shale, loess.
    • Organically formed — geyserite, chalk, limestone, coal.
    • Chemically formed — limestone, halite, potash.
  • Alluvial deposits in the Indo-Gangetic plain and coastal plains are of sedimentary accumulation.
  • Different varieties of sandstone are spread over Madhya Pradesh, eastern Rajasthan, parts of Himalayas, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Orissa.
  • Sedimentary rocks are not as rich in minerals of economic value as igneous rocks.
  • But important minerals such as hematite iron ore, phosphates, building stones, coals, petroleum, and material used in the cement industry are found.
  • Granite, gabbro, basalt, are some of the examples of igneous rocks. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

Related Questions

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Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.
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