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Consider the following pairs: S.No Pollutant Disease 1 Nitrate Blue baby syndrome 2 Cadmium Black foot disease 3 Arsenic Itai-Itai disease 4 Mercury Minamata disease Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs: S.No Pollutant Disease 1 Nitrate Blue baby syndrome 2 Cadmium Black foot disease 3 Arsenic Itai-Itai disease 4 Mercury Minamata disease Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? Correct Answer 1 and 4 only

The correct answer is 1 and 4 only.

Key Points
S.no Pollutant Disease
1 Nitrate Blue baby’ syndrome
2 Cadmium Itai-Itai disease
3 Arsenic Black foot disease 
4 Mercury Minamata disease

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  • Blue baby  syndrome, also known as infant methemoglobinemia, is a condition where a baby's skin turns blue.
    • This occurs due to a decreased amount of haemoglobin in the baby's blood.
    • The most common cause of blue baby syndrome is water contaminated with nitrates.
    • After a baby drinks formula made with nitrate-rich water, the body converts the nitrates into nitrites.
    • These nitrates bind to the haemoglobin in the body, forming methemoglobin, which is unable to carry oxygen.
  • Blackfoot disease (BFD) is a severe form of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), in which the blood vessels in the lower limbs are severely damaged, resulting eventually in progressive gangrene.
    • It is associated with long-term exposure to Arsenic.
    • It occurs in West Bengal and neighbouring areas with elevated arsenic in drinking water.
  • Itai-Itai disease is the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912.
    • The term "Itai-Itai disease" was coined for the severe pains of people with the condition felt in the spine and joints.
    • Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure.
  • Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.
    • Signs and symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle wea kness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech.
    • Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, in 1956.
    • It was caused by the release of Methyl mercury in industrial wastewater.​

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