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Given below are two statements: Statement I: In order to ensure authenticity, a researcher has to indicate original sources from which data are culled. Statement II: In data analysis and interpretation the researcher has to evince necessary rigour and appropriateness of procedures. In the light of the above statements, Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements: Statement I: In order to ensure authenticity, a researcher has to indicate original sources from which data are culled. Statement II: In data analysis and interpretation the researcher has to evince necessary rigour and appropriateness of procedures. In the light of the above statements, Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: Correct Answer Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies, and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.

Statement I: In order to ensure authenticity, a researcher has to indicate original sources from which data are culled.

Explanation:

  • Research ethics are the set of ethics that govern how scientific and other research is performed at research institutions such as universities, and how it is disseminated. Ethics are broadly the set of rules, written and unwritten, that govern our expectations of our own and others’ behavior.
  • Respecting intellectual property is one of the fundamental code of ethics to be followed while doing research.
  • A researcher should never plagiarise, or copy, other people’s work and try to pass it off as its own.
  • A researcher should always ask for permission before using other people’s tools or methods, unpublished data, or results. Not doing so is plagiarism.
  • A researcher needs to respect copyrights and patents, together with other forms of intellectual property, and always acknowledge other's contributions. Acknowledgment is the best way to avoid any risk of plagiarism.
  • Thus, in order to ensure authenticity, a researcher has to indicate original sources from which data are culled. The statement I is correct.

Statement II: In data analysis and interpretation the researcher has to evince the necessary rigor and appropriateness of procedures.

Explanation:

  • A researcher should aim to avoid bias in any aspect of his/her research, including design, data analysis, interpretation, and peer review.
  • This means that a researcher needs to report his/her research honestly and that this applies to the methods, data, and results.
  • A researcher should not make up any data, including extrapolating unreasonably from some results or do anything which could be construed as trying to mislead anyone. It is better to undersell than over-exaggerate findings.
  • The data must be appropriate, trustworthy, and adequate for drawing inferences.
  • The data must reflect good homogeneity.
  • Proper analysis should be done through statistical methods.
  • The researcher must remain cautious about the errors that can possibly arise in the process of interpreting results.
  • The researcher should be well equipped with and must know the correct use of statistical measures for drawing inferences concerning his study.
  • Thus, in data analysis and interpretation, the researcher has to evince the necessary rigor and appropriateness of procedures. Statement II is correct.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

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