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In the following statements are given some indicators of development during various stages of development. Select that set of statements, from the code which points out most appropriately these developmental features : (a) There appears the change in the size of the person. (b) There is a change manifest in the personal relationships of the individuals. (c) The bodily organization and various organs of the person show change in proportion. (d) The thinking of the person changes. (e) There occurs disappearance in the old features of the person. (f) There is perceptible change in the attitude of the person. (g) There develops acquisition of new features. (h) The language of the person undergoes a change. Code :

In the following statements are given some indicators of development during various stages of development. Select that set of statements, from the code which points out most appropriately these developmental features : (a) There appears the change in the size of the person. (b) There is a change manifest in the personal relationships of the individuals. (c) The bodily organization and various organs of the person show change in proportion. (d) The thinking of the person changes. (e) There occurs disappearance in the old features of the person. (f) There is perceptible change in the attitude of the person. (g) There develops acquisition of new features. (h) The language of the person undergoes a change. Code : Correct Answer (a), (c), (e) and (g)

Development refers to

  • Development is a process that creates growth, progress, positive change, or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social. and demographic components.
  • Human development refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans 

Development of the human body

  • Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity.
  • The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male.
  • Development continues after birth and includes both physical and psychological development, influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental, and other factors.
  • This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into adulthood.

Important Points

The following represent developmental features:- 

Development is Similar for All:

  • All children follow a similar pattern of development with one stage leading into the next.
  • The baby stands before he walks. The baby draws a circle before a square. In no instance is this normally reversed. The very bright child and the very dull child likewise follow the same developmental sequence as the average.
  • The very bright child develops at a more rapid rate and the very dull at a slower rate.

Development Proceeds from General to Specific:

  • In mental as well as motor responses general activity always precedes specific activity.
  • Before birth, the foetus moves the whole body but is incapable of making specific responses.
  • Generalized body movements occur before fine muscle control is possible. At first, the infant can make the random movement of the arm than the finger manipulation.
  • There is a normal sequence in the development of physical abilities just as it is for mental development and emotional and social adequacy. 
  • A child should be given an opportunity to practice the skills by either experience or instruction whenever readiness occurs.

Development is Continuous:

  • Development is continuous from the moment of conception to death but occurs at different rates sometimes slowly and sometimes rapidly.
  • Because development is continuous so what happens at one stage has an influence on the following stage. For example, the speech, in a child does not develop overnight; the child's coos, gurgles, and babbling sounds are made by the child from the time of birth and keep getting refined into language.
  • Children are able to understand language before they can speak.

Development Proceeds at Different Rates:

  • During the period of growth and development of the total body and its subsystems, growth is sometimes rapid and at times it slows down. Rapid growth occurs during gestation and infancy.
  • In the preschool years, growth levels off. It slows down again during the school years. A spurt of growth occurs in puberty and early adolescence. The pubertal growth broadens the physical difference between boys and girls. Women become the weaker sex but become physically attractive to men.

There is a Correlation in Development:

  • Correlation in physical and mental abilities is specially marked. There is a marked relationship between sexual maturation and patterns of interest and behavior.

Development Comes from Maturation and Learning:

  • The sudden appearance of certain traits that develop through maturation is quite common; for example, a baby may start to walk literally overnight.
  • Behavioral changes occur at any time of puberty suddenly without any reason. 
  • Learning is a development that comes from exercise and effort on the part of an individual. Unless the child had the opportunity for learning, many of his hereditary potentials will never reach their optimum development.
  • A child may have an aptitude for musical performance because of his superior neuromuscular organization but if he is deprived of opportunities for practice and systematic training, he will not reach his hereditary potential.
  • Maturation sets limits beyond which development cannot go even if learning is encouraged. Intrinsic growth is the gift of nature. It can be guided, it can not be created. Innate capacities, however, should be stimulated by environmental factors.

There are Individual Differences:

  • Although the pattern of development is similar for all children, each child follows a predictable pattern in his own way and at his own rate.
  • Each child with his unique heredity and nurture (environment) will progress at its own rate in terms of size, shape, capacity and developmental status.
  • Mental development too is influenced by heredity and environment. Therefore, we can not expect all children of the same age to be ready for the same learning experience at the same time.

Early Development is more Significant than later Development: 

  • In building the house the foundations are more important than the superstructure, so is the development of physical and mental traits.
  • Unfavorable environmental conditions during the prenatal and postnatal period can have a damaging effect on the later growth and development of the child.

Development Proceeds in Stages:

  • Development is not abrupt, it proceeds in various stages such as fetal, infancy, babyhood, childhood and adolescence.

​Key Points

Conclusion:

  • There appears a change in the size of the person. - with the physical development of body parts the size of the person changes with time. 
  • The bodily organization and various organs of the person show a change in proportion.- Development of human organs and organ systems begins in the embryo and continues throughout the human lifespan.
  • There occurs disappearance in the old features of the person-  the physical feature changes in infancy to adulthood to old age. 
  • There develops acquisition of new features.- with the disappearance of old features the person develops new features.

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