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Consider the following statements: 1) Secondary consolidation results due to prolonged dissipation of excess hydrostatic pressure 2) Primary consolidation happens under expulsion of both air and water from voids in early stages 3) Initial consolidation in the case of fully saturated soil mainly due to compression of solid particles 4) Primary consolidation happens more quickly in coarse-grained soils than in fine-grained soils Which of the above statements are correct?

Consider the following statements: 1) Secondary consolidation results due to prolonged dissipation of excess hydrostatic pressure 2) Primary consolidation happens under expulsion of both air and water from voids in early stages 3) Initial consolidation in the case of fully saturated soil mainly due to compression of solid particles 4) Primary consolidation happens more quickly in coarse-grained soils than in fine-grained soils Which of the above statements are correct? Correct Answer 3 and 4 only 

The following table shows the consolidation of soil deposit in three stages

Stages

characteristics

Initial consolidation
  • When a load is applied to partially saturated soil, there is a decrease in the volume of soil due to expulsion and compression of the air voids.
  • Also, a small decrease in the volume of soil occurs due to compression of solid particles.
  • The reduction in the volume of soil just after the application of load is called initial consolidation.
  • For saturated soils, the initial consolidation is mainly due to the compression of solid particles.

Primary consolidation
  • Reduction of the volume is due to the expulsion of water from voids
  • The decrease in volume in this stage depends on the permeability of the soil, hence it is a time-dependent process.
  • In fine-grained soil primary consolidation occurs for a long time. But in coarse-grained soil it occurs quickly due to high permeability.

Secondary consolidation
  • The reduction in volume continues at a very slow rate even after the primary consolidation is completed, this additional reduction in the volume of soil is called secondary consolidation.

Related Questions

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Consider the following statements: 1. Secondary consolidation of soil follows Terzaghi’s one-dimensional theory of consolidation. 2. Consolidation is a function of total stress. 3. Even after complete dissipation of excess pore pressure, the soil undergoes a little more consolidation. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
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2. The temperature of soil is not affected by its colour and altitude of the land
3. Black soils absorb more heat than white soils
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1. Average density of soil is 2.65 gms. per ml.
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3. Porosity of the soil decreases with the increase in the percentage of organic matter in the soil
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