From the list given below, identify those questions which are called process rather than content-based questions? (i) Convergent questions (ii) Divergent questions (iii) Fact-based questions (iv) Concept-based questions (v) Open questions (vi) Closed questions Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

From the list given below, identify those questions which are called process rather than content-based questions? (i) Convergent questions (ii) Divergent questions (iii) Fact-based questions (iv) Concept-based questions (v) Open questions (vi) Closed questions Choose the correct answer from the options given below: Correct Answer (ii), (iv) and (v) 

Questions are an aid in the learning process and hence questioning skills is one of the important teaching skills required to be developed to conduct a successful classroom session by the teacher. Effective teachers use productive questions to help students advance in their thinking and to construct their own understandings.

Questions can be classified into:

Content-based Questions:

• The content-based questions are designed to test the superficial knowledge of facts and information that doesn’t require any higher level of cognitive abilities.
• They used cue words such as state, define, identify, etc.
• The type of content-based questions may include:

1. Fact-based questions:
   • ​​Fact is anything that is absolute truth and universally applicable.
   • These questions are designed to simply check the knowledge of facts memorized by the students.
2. Convergent questions:
   • These questions assist in problem-solving and are useful for basic processes such as measuring, communicating, comparing, and contrasting.
   • These questions are also referred to as closed-ended questions as students are not expected to contribute to an original idea.
3. Close-ended questions: These are questions that only accept one correct answer.

Process-based Questions:

• They are designed to test the mastery of a subject as well as the ability to analyze the various processes of a system.
• They use cue words such as describe, explain, list out, analyze, etc.
• The type of process-based questions may include:
  1. Concept-based questions: ​​These questions are designed to focus on transferable understandings that help students to make sense of their learning.
  2. Divergent questions: These questions stimulate children to think independently. They are encouraged to do use their higher-order cognitive ability by combining original and known ideas into new ideas or explanations. Questions that students answer by analysis, synthesis, or evaluation using their related knowledge of a question, a problem, or a situation are referred to as divergent questions.
  3. Open-ended questions: They may have multiple answers. Open questions are those that encourage divergent and evaluative thinking processes.