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Consider the following statements: 1. Type-I superconductors undergo an abrupt transition to the normal state above a critical magnetic field. 2. Type-II superconductors are highly technologically useful superconductors because the incidence of a second critical field in them is useful in the preparation of high field electromagnets. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements: 1. Type-I superconductors undergo an abrupt transition to the normal state above a critical magnetic field. 2. Type-II superconductors are highly technologically useful superconductors because the incidence of a second critical field in them is useful in the preparation of high field electromagnets. Which of the above statements is/are correct? Correct Answer Both 1 and 2

Superconductors are divided into two types based on magnetic properties:

1) Type-I or Ideal or soft superconductor

2) Type-I or Hard superconductor.

Type-I Superconductor:

A superconducting state is completely diamagnetic up to a certain critical magnetic field (Hc). Above Hc, the superconducting state changes it’s behavior and undergoes to normal state abruptly.

This is explained with the help of the following curve:

[ alt="F1 Shubham Madhu 06.08.20 D4" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/08/F1_Shubham_Madhu_06.08.20_D4.png" style="width: 387px; height: 234px;">

So Statement I is correct.

Type-II Superconductor:

  • It loses their superconductivity gradually because they are made-up by a combination of Hard metal and alloys that show different magnetization behavior.
  • It shows superconductivity up to a lower critical magnetic field Hc1 and beyond this, the magnetization changes gradually and reaches zero at upper critical magnetic field Hc2 and due to this, it is useful in the preparation of high-field electromagnets.

[ alt="F1 Shubham Madhu 06.08.20 D5" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/08/F1_Shubham_Madhu_06.08.20_D5.png" style="width: 325px; height: 255px;">

∴ Statement 2 is also correct.

Important Points:

Characteristics of superconductors in comparison to a normal metal is as shown:

[ alt="F1 Shubham Madhu 06.08.20 D6" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/08/F1_Shubham_Madhu_06.08.20_D6.png" style="width: 321px; height: 248px;">

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