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Consider the following statements: 1. Both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials have domain structures; each domain has randomly oriented magnetic moments when no external field is applied. 2. Both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials make those domains that have a favourable orientation to the applied field grow in size. 3. The net magnetic moment in ferromagnetic materials is higher than that in ferrimagnetic materials. 4. The net magnetic moment in ferrimagnetic materials is higher than that in ferromagnetic material. Which of the above statements are correct?

Consider the following statements: 1. Both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials have domain structures; each domain has randomly oriented magnetic moments when no external field is applied. 2. Both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials make those domains that have a favourable orientation to the applied field grow in size. 3. The net magnetic moment in ferromagnetic materials is higher than that in ferrimagnetic materials. 4. The net magnetic moment in ferrimagnetic materials is higher than that in ferromagnetic material. Which of the above statements are correct? Correct Answer 1, 2 and 3

A permanent dipole exists in the absence of a field. Materials which lack of permanent magnetic dipoles are called diamagnetic materials.

If permanent magnetic dipoles are present in the atoms of a material, it may be paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic depending on the interaction between the individual dipoles.

  • If the interaction between the atomic permanent dipole moments is zero or negligible and the individual dipole moments are oriented at random as shown in figure (a), the material will be paramagnetic.
  • If the dipoles interact in such a manner that they tend to line up in parallel as shown in figure (b), the material will be ferromagnetic.
  • When neighboring moments are aligned antiparallel as shown in figure (c), the magnetic phenomenon is known as antiferromagnetism.
  • In ferromagnetic materials, there is a large resultant magnetization whereas, in antiferromagnetic materials, the magnetization vanishes.
  • When the order of magnetic moment is as shown in figure (d), the phenomenon is known as ferrimagnetism.
  • The net magnetic moment in ferromagnetic materials is higher than that in ferrimagnetic materials.
  • For antiferromagnetic materials, the molecular moment will be zero and there will be no spontaneous magnetization.
  • The molecular moments in ferrimagnetic materials will have values in between the values of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials.

 

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Classification of magnetic materials:

Classification

Permanent dipoles

Interaction between neighboring dipoles

Diamagnetic

No

-

Paramagnetic

Yes

Zero or Negligible

Ferromagnetic

Yes

Parallel orientation

Antiferromagnetic

Yes

The antiparallel orientation of equal moments

Ferrimagnetic

Yes

The antiparallel orientation of unequal moments

 

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