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Among the following statements which are correct? (a) Historical method is a complex process involving the search for sources of information, its critical evaluation, synthesis and exposition (b) Reasoning should be done if the basis of the proposition is merely conjuncture (c) The cult of 'document' especially the "official document" owes its development largely to Leopold Von Ranke (d) Oswald Spengler's philosophy of history opens with a vehement attack on the European periodization of history into ancient, medieval and modern. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Among the following statements which are correct? (a) Historical method is a complex process involving the search for sources of information, its critical evaluation, synthesis and exposition (b) Reasoning should be done if the basis of the proposition is merely conjuncture (c) The cult of 'document' especially the "official document" owes its development largely to Leopold Von Ranke (d) Oswald Spengler's philosophy of history opens with a vehement attack on the European periodization of history into ancient, medieval and modern. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: Correct Answer (a), (c) and (d) only

Historical research or historiography, "attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances, the people,meanings,events,and even ideas of the past that have influenced and shaped the present".

Historical research involves the following steps:

  • Identify an idea, topic or research question
  • Conduct a background literature review
  • Refine the research idea and questions
  • Determine that historical methods will be the method used
  • Identify and locate primary and secondary data sources
  • Evaluate the authenticity and accuracy of source materials
  • Analyze the data and develop a narrative exposition of the findings. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

A conjecture is a conclusion or a proposition which is suspected to be true due to preliminary supporting evidence, but for which no proof or disproof has yet been found. Hence in such cases reasoning stands no chance as it is not supported by evidence.

  • Leopold von Ranke described the sources for his work as comprising ‘memoirs, diaries, letters, diplomatic reports, and original narratives of eye-witnesses; other writings were used only if they were immediately derived from the above mentioned or seemed to equal them because of some original information’ 
  • In other words, Ranke regarded primary documents, produced by eye-witnesses and participants in events, as superior to secondary sources.
  • The key to Spengler's philosophical anthropology and accompanying philosophy of history is his use of the Faustian legend in popular German literature to interpret modern technology.
  • According to him, humans are the only predators able to select and design weapons for attacking nature and each other. At some point around the tenth century, this ability developed to such an extent in Western European culture that humans seized for themselves the prerogatives of domination over nature.
  • This inexorable destiny is a radical break with earlier periods of thought, in which humans saw themselves as subject to nature; yet it was a destiny made possible by nature, when nature gave human beings both mental superiority and hands.

Related Questions

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From among the following statements regarding history writing by Leopold Von Ranke, which one is not True ?
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In the two sets given below, Set – I specifies the methods of research while Set – Il describes the critical feature associated with a method of research. Match the two and select from the code to indicate your answer.   Set – I  (Research method)    Set – II (Critical features associated) (a)    Experimental method  (i)  Generalizing to the population from a large sample (b)  Ex post facto method   (ii)   Establishing the patterns of events which have happened, through primary and secondary sources (c)  Historical method   (iii)   Studying shared behaviour patterns (d)  Ethnographic method   (iv)   Establishing cause and effect through control       (v)    Probing into the causal factors from the observed effects 
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