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Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) Assertion (A): The oldest paintings of Ajanta are datable to the second and first centuries B.C. Reason (R): Chronologically the paintings of caves No. 1 and 2 are the last in the series and pertain to the Post-Gupta period In the context of the above two statements which of the following is correct?

Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) Assertion (A): The oldest paintings of Ajanta are datable to the second and first centuries B.C. Reason (R): Chronologically the paintings of caves No. 1 and 2 are the last in the series and pertain to the Post-Gupta period In the context of the above two statements which of the following is correct? Correct Answer Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Assertion

  • The earliest Ajanta caves were carved in the 2nd Century BC out of a horse-shoe-shaped cliffs along the Waghora River.
  • They were used by Buddhist monks as prayer halls (chaitya grihas) and monasteries (viharas) for about nine centuries.

REASON

  • Out of the 30 excavated caves, five (cave no. 9, 10, 19, 26, and 29) are chaitya grihas (prayer halls) and the rest are viharas (monasteries).
  • In date and style, these caves can be divided into two broad phases.
  • Phase I (2nd Century to 1st Century BCE) – The earliest excavations were done by the Satavahanas and belong to the Hinayana (Theravada) phase of Buddhism. The object of worship is a stupa here. Caves 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15A belong to this era.
  • Phase II (5th Century AD to 6th Century AD) – These excavations are a major contribution of the Vakatakas and Chalukyas and belong to Mahayana phase of Buddhism which is mostly a Post Gupta age.

Cave 1 is a magnificently painted Vihara (monastery), filled with wall murals, sculptures, and ceiling paintings, that date back to the 5th century. Originally, Cave 1 also had a porch that led to the main hall, however, it has since collapsed.

Cave 2  was started in the 460s but mostly carved between 475 and 477 CE, probably sponsored and influenced by a woman closely related to emperor Harisena. It has a porch quite different from Cave 1. Even the façade carvings seem to be different. The cave is supported by robust pillars, ornamented with designs. The front porch consists of cells supported by pillared vestibules on both ends.

Related Questions

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