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Consider the following types of digital voltmeters: 1. Ramp type 2. Dual slope integrating type 3. Integrating type using voltage to frequency conversion 4. Successive approximation type 5. Servo balanced potentiometer type Which of these require a fixed reference voltage at the comparator stage?

Consider the following types of digital voltmeters: 1. Ramp type 2. Dual slope integrating type 3. Integrating type using voltage to frequency conversion 4. Successive approximation type 5. Servo balanced potentiometer type Which of these require a fixed reference voltage at the comparator stage? Correct Answer 2 and 3 only

Dual Slope Digital Voltmeter:

  • The dual slope integrating type DVM integrates the input voltage Vi. The slope of the integrated signal is proportional to the input voltage under measurement.
  • After certain period of time, say t1, the supply of input voltage Vi is stopped, and a negative voltage -Vr of the integrator is applied.
  • Then the output signal of integrator experiences a negative slope, which is constant and proportional to the magnitude of the input voltage.

 

The major blocks of a dual slope integrating type DVM are

  • An op-amp employed as an integrator
  • A level comparator
  • Oscillator for generating time pulses
  • Decimal counter
  • Block of logic circuitry

 

Integrating Type DVM (Voltage to Frequency Conversion):

  • A constant input voltage is integrated and the slope of the output ramp is proportional to the input voltage.
  • When the output reaches a certain value, it is discharged to 0 and another cycle begins. The fre­quency of the output waveform is proportional to the input voltage.
  • The input voltage produces a charging current, ei/R1 that charges the capacitor ‘C’ to the reference voltage er. When er is reached, the comparator changes state, so as to trigger the precision pulse generator.
  • The pulse generator produces a pulse of precision charge content that rapidly discharges the capaci­tor. The rate of charging and discharging produces a signal frequency that is directly proportional to ei.

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