Which of the following is NOT true about the different positions ascribed to mixed castes by Manusmriti?

Which of the following is NOT true about the different positions ascribed to mixed castes by Manusmriti? Correct Answer <em>Anuloma</em> marriages were treated as more violative of the sacred law than <em>Pratiloma</em>

  • According to some scholars, Manusmriti was established by the 5th Century C.E, but regardless of the time of its first appearance, Manusmriti has remained colossally influential in determining the structure and the function of Indian society.
  • As a text, Manusmriti is divided into 12 adhyayas or lessons and the four broad themes that emerge from the text are – the creation of the world, sources of Dharma, the dharma of the four social classes and the law of Karma, rebirth and the final liberation.
  • Manusmriti has been upheld as the ultimate guide to lead a moral life, the digressing of which is to be treated with serious negative sanctions. So detailed is the text, that it covers all aspects of the lives of people belonging to all social strata. 
  • Manusmriti details the role to be performed by the four varnas – The Brahmins, The Kshatriyas, The Vaishyas and The Shudras, though he spends only 10 verses detailing the role of the last two. It lays down the behaviour and moral codes to be followed by the superordinate and the subordinate. It also details the duties to be performed by the women within the household (totally disregarding the possibility of women making a mark in the world outside the domain of the private sphere).
  • Manusmriti has been single-handedly responsible for the derogatory position accorded to women in the post-Vedic period. The watertight dichotomization of the public and private sphere and the confinement of the women in the former has found its requisite justification in a text like Manusmriti.
  • Women have always been regarded as the guardians of dharma, custodian and transmitter of patriarchal values. The Vedas and Upanishads are replete with anecdotes of how gods and sages from time immemorial have created, used and controlled women for their own benefits and other’s destruction. Manusmriti imparts detailed knowledge of the rites and duties to be performed by married women and being subservient to her husband tops the list.
  • Ass a part of the twice-born children born of wives one degree lower in Varna status were somewhat acceptable ascribed to mixed castes by Manusmriti.
  • Those born from women separated in status by two or three degrees led the creation of a new group within the Sudra fold.
  • In case the status of a woman was higher than that of a man, the progeny of such marriage was placed lower in status than the two parents.

  • Anuloma Marriage in Hinduism refers to the hypergamy form of marriage.

  • During the Vedic Age inter-class marriages used to take place in the form of Anuloma marriage.

  • Anuloma marriage is a social practice according to which a boy from upper varna/caste/class can marry a girl from lower varna/caste/class.

  • Pratiloma refers to the Hypogamy form of Marriage.

  • Pratiloma is a type of marital practice in which a man of lower class/caste/varna marries a girl of higher class/caste/varna.

Anuloma marriages were treated as more violative of the sacred law than Pratiloma - this statement is incorrect. As of the two types of marital practices, “anuloma” and “pratiloma”, anuloma marriage was considered preferable to pratiloma marriage. Pratiloma marriage was very much discouraged and even condemned. 

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