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Which of the following statements about Alberuni and his account of India are correct? (A) He was exiled and ordered to spend ten years in India (B) According to him, people of untouchable castes could live only outside the villages and towns of the four castes (C) He supported the views of Brahamagupta about the true nature of eclipses (D) According to him, the Hindus think that there is no country like theirs and no religion like theirs Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements about Alberuni and his account of India are correct? (A) He was exiled and ordered to spend ten years in India (B) According to him, people of untouchable castes could live only outside the villages and towns of the four castes (C) He supported the views of Brahamagupta about the true nature of eclipses (D) According to him, the Hindus think that there is no country like theirs and no religion like theirs Choose the correct answer from the options given below: Correct Answer (A), (B) and (D) only

  • Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was a scholar from Iran.
  • He was a polymath well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist, and linguist. 
  • Al-Beruni came to India during the period of Sultan Muhammad of Ghazni. He was exiled and ordered to spend ten years in India.
  • He accompanied the Afghan ruler Mahmud on his invasion of India in the early eleventh century, and remained there for thirteen years, making a detailed study of Indian life and culture, and in particular studying the Hindu religion.
  • He authored a study of Indian culture Tārīkh al-Hind (History of India) after exploring the Hindu faith practised in India in which he portrays the social, political, religious, and economic condition of the then India.
  • The untouchability in India was found by Al Beruni in the early 11th century.
  • According to him, “The Brahmins teach the Veda to the Kshatriyas. The latter learn it but are not allowed to teach it, not even to a Brahmin, the Vaisya and Sudra are not allowed to hear it, much less to pronounce and recite it. If such a thing can be proved against one of them, the Brahmins drag him before the magistrate, and he is punished by having his tongue cut off.”

  • He then goes to talk about the untouchables.

  • He says: “The people called Hadi, Doma (Domba), Candala, and Badhatau (sic) are not reckoned amongst any caste or guild. They are occupied with dirty work, like the cleaning of the villages and other services. They are considered as one sole class, and distinguished only by their occupations.”

  • As a foreign scholar, he faced several problems in studying the caste system because his communication was only with persons who could speak Sanskrit. They were basically Brahmins. The untouchables were living far away from villages and towns because their presence in the main village/town was considered to be spiritually deadly. Even then he managed to mention some caste names that were untouchable, with a little description of their living conditions.
  • According to him, the Hindus think that there is no country like theirs and no religion like theirs.
  • "The Hindus believe that there is no country but theirs, no nation like theirs, no kings like theirs, no religion like theirs, no science like theirs. They are haughty, foolishly vain, self-conceited, and stolid. They are by nature niggardly in communicating that which they know, and they take the greatest possible care to withhold it from men of another caste among their own people, still much more, of course, from any foreigner ... Their haughtiness is such that, if you tell them of any science or scholar in Khorasan and Persis, they will think you to be both an ignoramus and a liar. If they travelled and mixed with other nations, they would soon change their mind, for their ancestors were not as narrow-minded as the present generation is." 

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