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Some magnetic materials may be classified on the basis of 1. Susceptibility 2. Saturation 3. Spin arrangement 4. Nature of hysteresis loop 5. Domain structure 6. Critical temperature above which it behaves as a paramagnetic material Which of these can be used to distinguish between ferri and ferromagnetic materials?

Some magnetic materials may be classified on the basis of 1. Susceptibility 2. Saturation 3. Spin arrangement 4. Nature of hysteresis loop 5. Domain structure 6. Critical temperature above which it behaves as a paramagnetic material Which of these can be used to distinguish between ferri and ferromagnetic materials? Correct Answer 1, 3 and 4 only

Spin arrangement:

Ferromagnetic ordering, in which all the spins within a magnetic domain (typically hundreds of unit cells in width) have the same orientation

[ alt="F1 Jai.P 03-12-20 Savita D25" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/12/F1_Jai.P_03-12-20_Savita_D25.png" style="width: 134px; height: 73px;">

Ferrimagnetic ordering results from an antiparallel alignment of spins on neighboring atoms when the magnetic moments of the neighbors are unequal.

In this case, the spin moments do not cancel and there is a net magnetization.

[ alt="F1 Jai.P 03-12-20 Savita D26" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/12/F1_Jai.P_03-12-20_Savita_D26.png" style="width: 120px; height: 87px;">

Susceptibility:

The magnetic susceptibility, χ, of a solid depends on the ordering of spins.

Ferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic materials have χ > 0, but the magnitude of their susceptibility varies with the kind of ordering and with temperature.

Therefore, ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic materials can be differentiated by susceptibility.

The graph between reciprocal of susceptibility (χ) and temperature (T):

[ alt="F1 Jai.P 03-12-20 Savita D27" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/12/F1_Jai.P_03-12-20_Savita_D27.png" style="width: 279px; height: 147px;">

Where, 

Fig (a) is for the ferromagnetic material

Fig (b) is for the ferrimagnetic material

Nature of hysteresis loop:

  • The magnetization of a Ferro or ferrimagnet vs. applied magnetic field H.
  • Starting at the origin, the upward curve is the initial magnetization curve.
  • The downward curve after saturation, along with the lower return curve, forms the main loop.
  • The intercepts Hc and Br are the coercivity and remanent magnetization.

Hysteresis loop for ferromagnetic material:

[ alt="F1 Jai.P 03-12-20 Savita D28" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/12/F1_Jai.P_03-12-20_Savita_D28.png" style="height: 240px; width: 418px;">

Hysteresis loop for ferrimagnetic material:

[ alt="F1 Jai.P 03-12-20 Savita D29" src="//storage.googleapis.com/tb-img/production/20/12/F1_Jai.P_03-12-20_Savita_D29.png" style="height: 245px; width: 296px;">

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