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Which of the following is not an early Mechanical Calculation device?

Which of the following is not an early Mechanical Calculation device? Correct Answer Differential Calculus

A mechanical calculator, or calculating machine, is a mechanical device used to perform the basic operations of arithmetic automatically. Most mechanical calculators were comparable in size to small desktop computers and have been rendered obsolete by the advent of the electronic calculator. There are three important Mechanical Counting Devices. These are Abacus, Napier's Bones, Slide Rule.

Important Points

Differential Calculus:

  • Differential calculus deals with the rate of change of one quantity with respect to another.
  • We can consider it as a study of rates of change in quantities.
  • For example, velocity is the rate of change of distance with respect to time in a particular direction.
  • If f(x) is a function, then f'(x) = dy/dx is the differential equation, where f’(x) is the derivative of the function, y is dependent variable and x is an independent variable.

Hence, Differential Calculus is not an early Mechanical Calculation device.

Additional Information

Abacus:

  • The abacus was one of the first adding machines.
  • The abacus is made out of beads strung by several wires.
  • The position of a bead determines its value.
  • Thus a few beads are required to represent large numbers.
  • In contrast, this to the Roman system of counting where different symbols were used to represent larger and larger numbers. 

Napier-Bones:

  • John Napier (1550-1617), a Scottish mathematician, created logarithm tables to facilitate calculations.
  • He also created a device using rods, called Napier's bones, to perform arithmetical calculations.
  • These rods were widely used by accountants and bookkeepers.
  • Several people used the concept of logarithms to develop the slide rule.

Slide-Rule:

  • In particular, mention must be made of a French artillery officer Amedee Mannheim (1831-1906) who introduced the movable double-sided cursor on the slide rule.
  • With a modern slide rule, you could not only perform the arithmetic operations, but could also calculate squares, square roots, logs, sine, cosine, and tangent calculations.
  • The slide rule was used till the middle 70's.

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