Which of the following are cell organelles? A) Endoplasmic Reticulum B) Golgi Apparatus C) Mitochondria D) Vacuoles

Which of the following are cell organelles? A) Endoplasmic Reticulum B) Golgi Apparatus C) Mitochondria D) Vacuoles Correct Answer All of the above

The Correct answer is All of the above.

Important Points

• Just like various organs in the body perform various functions, the cell is also composed of various subparts to perform various functions, these subparts are known as "cell organelles".
• Except for nucleus and chloroplast, all other cell organelles can be seen only through an electron microscope.
• Each cell organelle is an alive structure and there is a special covering around them which keep cell cytoplasm separated from the fluid organelles.
• Following are some cell organelles

1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Lysosome
5. Mitochondria
6. Plastids
7. Vacuoles

• The endoplasmic reticulum is a tubular network of membranes found within the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell.
• Endoplasmic reticulum transpires in two forms: a type with ribosome-studded surface and another with a smooth surface. The latter is called the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and the former is called the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• These membranes form continuous folds, eventually joining the outer layer of the nuclear membrane. Except for sperm cells and red blood cells, the endoplasmic reticulum is observed in every other type of eukaryotic cell.

• It is a double-layered cell organelle, in which the outer layer is porous and the inner layer is folded upon itself is known to be mitochondria.
• The number of mitochondria in a single cell may be up to 50 to 5000.
• The inner lumen of mitochondria contains ribosome phosphate particles and DNA molecules.
• It has the potential to synthesize its own protein and oxidation of carbohydrates and fats are taken place with the help of enzymes in mitochondria.
• This energy is stored in the form of ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate ) so, these are known as the "Powerhouse of the cell".
• The number of mitochondria implant cells is less than that of an animal cell.
• RBC do not have mitochondria, that's why though these carry oxygen all over the body, but they do not use it for themselves.
• They are known as the Structural and Functional unit of aerobic respiration.

• The Golgi apparatus has multiple names such as Golgi complex or Golgi body. It is found in all the eukaryotic cells, plants as well as animals.
• They are membrane-bound organelle present in the cytosol of the cell. 
• Its main function is the packaging and secretion of proteins. It receives proteins from Endoplasmic Reticulum. It packages it into membrane-bound vesicles, which are then transported to various destinations, such as lysosomes, plasma membrane or secretion.
• They also take part in the transport of lipids and the formation of lysosomes.

• The term “vacuole” means “empty space”. 
• They help in the storage and disposal of various substances. They can store food or other nutrients required by a cell to survive. They also store waste products and prevent the entire cell from contamination.
• The vacuoles in plant cells are larger than those in the animal cells. The plant vacuoles occupy more than 80% of the volume of the cell. The vacuoles may be one or more in number.

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