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Which cell of the female gametophyte acts as the endosperm mother cell?

Which cell of the female gametophyte acts as the endosperm mother cell? Correct Answer Central cell

Concept:

  • The most important and unique characteristic of angiosperms is the participation of both male gametes in the act of fertilization. One male gamete fuses with the egg cell and forms the diploid Zygote. The process is called syngamy or generative fertilization. The  Zygote (2n)  develops into an embryo.
  • The other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei (or secondary nucleus) to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus. The process is known as a triple fusion or Vegetative fertilization. 
  • These two actions of fertilization are together called Double Fertilization.

 

Explanation:

  • The endosperm is the food-laden tissue formed during the development of the angiospermous seed. In angiosperms, the endosperm develops from a triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus which is formed as a result of vegetative fertilization, triple fusion or the fusion of a male gamete with the secondary nucleus of the central cell.
  • So, the central cell of the female gametophyte act as the endosperm mother cell.

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​Additional Information

  • Synergids: These are 2 elongated cells, present at the micropylar end of the ovule, one on each side of the ovule. The characteristic feature of the synergid cells is the presence of finger-like filiform apparatus. It guides the entry of the pollen tube inside the ovule.
  • Antipodal cells: These are three in number present at the chalazal end of the embryo sac. These usually degenerate before/soon after fertilization. Antipodal cells serve to provide nutrition to the pro-embryo.
  • Egg: It is a single haploid cell, at the micropylar end, between two synergids.
  • It represents the female gamete.
  • It, when fertilized by sperm (male gamete), forms a diploid zygote.

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