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Which of the following is/are the chief sources of hardwood timber? (a) Broad-leaved evergreen forests (b) Broad-leaved deciduous forests (c) Evergreen coniferous forests (d) Needle leaf deciduous forests

Which of the following is/are the chief sources of hardwood timber? (a) Broad-leaved evergreen forests (b) Broad-leaved deciduous forests (c) Evergreen coniferous forests (d) Needle leaf deciduous forests Correct Answer (a) and (b)

The correct answer is (a) and (b).

Key Points

  • The chief sources of hardwood timber are Broad-leaved evergreen forests and Broad-leaved deciduous forests.
    • Hardwood is the wood that is obtained from angiosperms (flowering plants) such as evergreen trees especially with broad leaves and deciduous trees which shed leaves annually.
  • The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed in the ovary which later develops into a fruit.
  • They usually grow at a slower pace and are far bigger in size.
    • It is believed that black ironwood is one of the hardest woods known to mankind.
  • Hardwood trees have xylem with vessels to carry or transport water throughout the tree.
  • The cell walls of these xylem vessels are lined with lignin which is an extremely hard material, responsible for the hardness of the tree.

Additional Information

  • Softwood is the wood that is obtained from gymnosperms like pines, larches, spruces, etc.
    • These trees produce naked seeds which means their seeds are not enclosed in an ovary or any other protective covering like an ovary.
    • These trees have needle-shaped leaves and generally grow faster than hardwood trees.
    • More than 70% of timber is obtained from softwood which makes it four times more common than hardwood.
  • Moist Deciduous Forests:
    • Region: These forests are found in the north-eastern states along the foothills of the Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, and Odisha.
    • Rainfall: Found in the regions which record rainfall between 100-200 cm.
    • Trees: Tall trees with broad, branched trunks.
    • Some of the taller trees shed their leaves in the dry season.
      • Teak, Sal, Shisham, Hurra, Mahua, Amla, Semul, Kusum, and sandalwood, etc. are the main species of these forests.
  • Dry Deciduous Forests:
    • Region: Found throughout the northern part of the country except in the northeast.
      • Also found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
    • Rainfall: Covers vast areas of the country, where rainfall ranges between 70 -100 cm.
    • On the wetter margins, it has a transition to the moist deciduous, while on the drier margins to thorn forests.
    • Trees: As the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around.
      • Tendu, palas, amaltas, bel, khair, axlewood, etc. are the common trees of these forests.

Related Questions

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