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A patient is suspected to be suffering from Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Which diagnostic technique will you recommend for its detection

A patient is suspected to be suffering from Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Which diagnostic technique will you recommend for its detection Correct Answer ELISA

Concept:

  • AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
  • It was first reported in the U.S.A in 1981.
  • It is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
  • HIV belongs to the group retrovirus.
  • It has an RNA genome enclosed in an envelope.
  • Transmission of HIV occurs in the following ways:
  1. By sexual contact with an infected person.
  2. By transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products
  3. By sharing infected needles.
  4. From the infected mother to her child through the placenta.

Explanation:

  • The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests a patient's blood sample for AIDS antibodies.
  • ​This test can be used to determine if you have antibodies related to certain infectious conditions.
  • Antibodies are proteins that your body produces in response to harmful substances called antigens.
  • An ELISA test may be used to diagnose:
  1. HIV, which causes AIDS
  2. Lyme disease
  3. pernicious anemia
  4. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
  5. rotavirus

Additional Information

  • MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnet and radio waves to look at organs and structures inside your body.
  • Health care professionals use MRI scans to diagnose a variety of conditions, from torn ligaments to tumors.
  • Medical ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound. It is generally used to see the internal structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs of the human body.
  • The Widal test is a test for Typhoid (enteric fever). In this test bacteria causing typhoid is mixed with a serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual.

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