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Consider the following statements related to the advantages of concrete sleepers : 1. Concrete sleepers can generally be mass-produced using local resources. 2. Concrete sleepers are not suitable for better packing. 3. Concrete sleepers have a very long life span. 4. Concrete sleepers have no scrap value. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements related to the advantages of concrete sleepers : 1. Concrete sleepers can generally be mass-produced using local resources. 2. Concrete sleepers are not suitable for better packing. 3. Concrete sleepers have a very long life span. 4. Concrete sleepers have no scrap value. Which of the above statements is/are correct? Correct Answer 1 and 3 only

Explanation:

Concrete Sleeper:

(i) Concrete sleeper is a kind of railway sleeper made of steel-reinforced concrete. With the characteristic of water-resistant, sun-resistant, and corrosion-resistant.

(ii) Concrete sleeper has been widely used all over the world since 1950.

Advantages of Concrete Sleepers:

  • It is more durable having greater life (up to 50 years)
  • It is economical as compared to wood and steel.
  • Concrete sleepers can generally be mass-produced using local resources.
  • Easy to manufacture.
  • It is not susceptible to vermin attack
  • It is not susceptible to fire
  • Good for track circuited areas

Disadvantages of Concrete Sleepers

  • It is brittle and cracks without warning.
  • It cannot be repaired and required replacement.
  • Fittings required are greater in number.
  • No scrap value​

Additional Information

Advantages of Wooden Sleepers:

  • They are cheap and easy to manufacture
  • They are easy to handle without damage
  • They are more suitable for all types of ballast
  • They absorb shocks and vibrations better than other types of sleepers.
  • Ideal for track circuited sections
  • Fittings are few and simple in design
  • Good resilience
  • Ease of handling
  • Adaptability to non-standard situation
  • Electrical insulation

Disadvantages of Wooden Sleepers:

  • They are easily liable to attack by vermin and weather
  • They are susceptible to fire
  • It is difficult to maintain gauge in the case of wooden sleepers
  • The scrap value is negligible
  • Their useful life is short about 12 to 15 years.

Advantages of Steel Sleepers:

  • It is more durable. Its life is about 35 years
  • Lesser damage during handling and transport
  • It is not susceptible to vermin attack
  • It is not susceptible to fire
  • Its scrap value is very good

Disadvantages of Steel Sleepers:

  • It is liable to corrosion.
  • Not suitable for track circuiting
  • It can be used only for rails for which it is manufactured
  • Cracks at rail seats develop during the service.
  • Fittings required are greater in number

Advantages of Cast Iron Sleepers:

  • Service life is very long
  • Less liable to corrosion
  • Form good track for light traffic up to 110 kmph as they form rigid track subjected to vibrations under moving loads without any damping
  • Scrap value is high

Disadvantages of Cast Iron Sleepers:

  • Gauge maintenance is difficult as tie bars get bent up
  • Not suitable for circuited track
  • Need a large number of fittings
  • Suitable only for stone ballast
  • Heavy traffic and high speeds (>110kmph) will cause loosening of keys and development of high creep

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