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Biological Diversity

Biological diversity refers to all of the different kinds of life on Earth. Also called biodiversity, biological diversity is often used to refer to the total number of different species on Earth. A collection of this biodiversity would include human beings, Bengal tigers, sugar maples, oyster mushrooms, bacteria, and the millions of other living organisms found on Earth.

It has been estimated that more than 50 million species of plants, animals and micro-organisms exist in the world. Out of these, about two million organisms have been identified so far. Our planet's requirement and services depend mainly on biological resources. Human society depends on biological resources, their diversity and the ecosystem that sustain them. Biological resources not only provide us nourishment, clothing, housing, fuel and medicine but also meet other requirements.

Loss of this biodiversity means we would not only lose rich and beautiful ecosystems but we might also lose plants and other organisms that could improve or enrich our lives. Already the tropical forests have provided humankind with food crops we enjoy daily such as tomatoes, peppers, corn, rice, coconut, banana, coffee, cocoa, cassava (tapioca), beans, and sweet potatoes, to name but a few. Tropical biodiversity has also provided us with many medicines used to treat such diseases as malaria. 

Maintenance of ecological balance, conservation of natural resources and prevention of soil erosion may be considered as the examples of indirect use of biodiversity. The responsible factors for the loss of biodiversity may be natural or artificial. The natural causes include drought, flood, storm, land slides, diseases earthquake etc. The artificial causes include grazing, urbanization, industrialization, scientific and educational research, road and dam construction all leading to destruction of habitat and over exploitation of plants and animals for commercial purposes.

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Precis writing: Ericsson and his colleagues then compared amateur (অপেশাদার ক্রিড়াবিদ) pianists with professional pianists. The same pattern emerged. The amateurs never practiced more than about three hours a week over the course of their childhood, and by the age of twenty they had totaled two thousand hours of practice. The professionals, on the other hand, steadily increased their practice time every year, until by the age of twenty they, like the violinists (বেহালাবাদক), had reached ten thousand hours. The striking thing about Ericsson's study is that he and his colleagues couldn't find any “naturals” musicians who floated effortlessly to the top while practicing a fraction of the time their peers did Nor could they find any "grinds". people who worked harder than everyone else, yet just didn't have what it takes to break the top ranks. Their research suggests that once a musician has enough ability to get into a top music school, the thing that distinguishes (দু'টি জিনিসের মধ্যে পার্থক্য শোনা, দেখা, বোঝা) one performer from another is how hard he or she works. That's it. And what's more, the people a the very top don't work just harder or even much harder than everyone else. They work much, much harder.The idea that excellence at performing a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: ten thousand hours. The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world- class expert-in anything, writes the neurologist Daniel Levitin. In a study after study, of composers, basketball players, fiction writers, ice skaters, concert pianists, chess players, master criminals, this number comes up again and again. Of course, this doesn't address why some people get more out of their practice sessions than others do. But no one has yet found a case in which true world-class expertise was accomplished in less time. It seems that it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery.Instruction: Write a summary of the above passage with an appropriate title in the stipulated space. (Precis writing)
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