Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of viruses that are common among sexually active people. HPV is highly contagious and can be spread through sexual contact, including oral, anal, and vaginal sex.

An HPV infection can cause a variety of serious health problems. It is the main cause of cervical cancer, which kills more than 4,000 women in the United States each year. Other health issues associated with HPV include genital warts and certain types of mouth and throat cancers. Thankfully, effective vaccines are now available to protect against most HPV infections.

Cause

HPV is most often spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. It can also be spread through sharing items such as towels, razors, or sex toys. It is usually passed from person to person without them knowing it, as it often has no symptoms.

Risk Factors

Anyone who is sexually active can get an HPV infection. Some factors can increase your risk for the infection, including:

• Having unprotected sex with multiple partners
• Having sex at an early age
• Having a weakened immune system
• Having other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Symptoms

Most people with HPV will have no symptoms and not even know they have it. However, some people may experience any of the following:

• Genital warts, which look like raised bumps or small cauliflower-shaped growths on the genital or anal area
• Vaginal discharge or pain
• Itching or burning in the genital area

Diagnosis & Treatment

Your doctor can diagnose HPV by performing a physical exam and Pap smear. If genital warts are present, they can be treated with topical creams, laser treatments, or surgical removal. Other complications from HPV infection may require more extensive treatments.

Vaccines can protect against many types of HPV. It is recommend for all girls and boys ages 11-12 and for both men and women through age 45. Talk to your doctor about the HPV vaccines that are available.