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Human beings conquered the distance on earth by discovering wheel. They endeavored further Then on December 17,1903, the Write brothers in America made the first experiment of flying a plane. I n the experiment, a machine carried a and and rose above by its won power. The machines was called ` aka’ airplane. It flew naturally in a smooth speed , and finally landed without damage.

= চাকার আবিষ্কার করে মানুষ দূরত্বকে জয় করেছে। পরবর্তীতে তাদের প্রচেষ্টা অব্যাহত থাকলো। এরপর ১৯০৩ সালের ১৭ ডিসেম্বর আমেরিকার রাইট ভ্রাতৃদ্বয় সর্বপ্রথম প্লেনে আকাশে উড়ার পরীক্ষা চালালো। এই পরীক্ষায় একটি মেশিনের পাখার সাহায্যে একজন মানুষ কিছুটা উপরে উঠেছিল। মেশিনটির নাম ছিল ‘আকা বিমান'। এটি প্রাকৃতিকভাবে  উড়ছিল এবং অবশেষে কোনোরূপ ক্ষতি ছাড়াই ভূমিতে নেমেছিল ।

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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.The Italian banking system became the model for those North European nations that would achieve the greatest commercial success in the coming centuries, notably the Dutch, the English, and the Swedes. It was in Amsterdam, London and Stockholm that the next decisive wave of financial or innovation occurred, as the forerunners of modern central banks made their first appearance. The seventeenth century saw the foundation of three distinctly novel institutions that, in their differen in ways, were intended to serve a public as well as a private financial function. The Amsterdam Exchange Bank, i.e. the Wisselbank, was set up in 1609 to resolve the practical problems created for merchants by the circulation of multiple currencies in the United Provinces, where there were no fewer than fourteen different mints and copious quantities of foreign coins. By allowing merchants to set up accounts denominated in a standardized currency, the Exchange Bank pioneered the system of cheques and direct debits or transfers that we take for granted today. This allowed more and more commercial transactions to take place without the need for the sums involved to materialize in actual coins. Financial historians disagree as to how far the growth of banking after the seventeenth century can be credited with the acceleration of economic growth that began in Britain in the late eighteenth 20 5 century and then spread to Western Europe, North America and Australasia. But banks played a more important role in continental European industrialization than they did in England's.a) Where did the precursors of modern central banks make their first appearance? b) What practical problem was the Wisselbank required to resolve in its initial days?c) How did the Amsterdam Exchange Bank respond to the demand of the age? d) What are the points of disagreement among the financial historians with respect to growth of banking vis-a-vis growth of economy? e) Choose a suitable title for above composition.
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Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and will arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others. It does not allow that the sacrifices imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many. Therefore, in a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining o to the calculus of social interests. The only thing that permits us to acquiesce in an erroneous theory is the lack of a better one; analogously, an injustice is tolerable only when it is necessary to avoid an even greater injustice. Being first virtuous of human activities, truth and justice are uncompromising. (Translate into Bangla)
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The idea of a crime against humanity and of war crimes in general can be understood in relation to the natural law and natural rights theories. Certain actions violate the natural value and dignity of persons, and all human beings should know this based upon a common moral sense, no matter what orders they receive. The important point here is that soldiers cannot be excused for criminal behavior by claiming that they are merely following orders. Principle IV of the Nuremberg Trials stipulates, "The fact that a person acted pursuant to order of his government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him." Moreover, Principle III of the tribunal stipulated that any superior authority and lead were not excused from persecution. The Nuremberg Trials are viewed as an important step in th development of war crimes tribunals and international law. Since Nuremberg, the inter nation community has worked to create a more impartial system for dealing with war crime and crime against humanity, including the development of an international criminal court in The Hague. (Translate into Bangla)
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Sher-e-Bangla AK Fazlul Huq is a legendary figure in Bengal and All-India politics and in the lamentations over some of his past actions and decisions. But to delve into those is hardly possible history of movements for social change. Like many other leaders in public life, Fazlul Huq had his in a short piece like this one. Fazlul Huq lived a life of dignity and honour. Of course, there were Occasions when circumstances around him were not all that pleasant. At times he had to confront Ray, the great scientist, as a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity on which depended the future existence resentful critics often misunderstanding his intent and purpose. Fazlul Huq was considered by P.C of Bengali nation was depended. P. C. Ray, Fazlul Huq's one-time teacher, said he did not understand the Indian nationalism of the Congress. He knew only Bengali nationalism. And he believed that only Fazlul Huq could establish this nationalism. (Translate into Bangla)
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Tsunamis are not as common as other whether related disasters, but they can cause significant damage. The word tsunami comes from a Japanese word meaning "long harbor wave'. Today, scientist use the term to define seismic sea waves generated by undersea earthquakes or undersea landslides and volcanic eruptions. Most tsunamis occur along the Ring of Fire, a wave of volcanic and earthquake activity that encircles the Pacific Ocean. The Haw Allan Islands and Alaska areas are common for this type of disaster. Tsunami waves have long lengths and travel very fast in deep water. Upon reaching the shore, the speed of the wave decrease, but the height increases dramatically causing massive damage to coastlines. The Tsunami Warning System has helped in warning people of these disasters, but more research and technology is needed to improve the predictions of this natural disaster. (Translate into Bangla)
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The prevalence of teenage employment in Bangladesh is controversial. Questions have been raised regarding whether adolescents should work and if they do, what the terms and conditions will be. It is argued that work experience can promote the healthy development of adolescents when it is moderate in intensity and does not interfere with physical and mental growth. According to Bangladesh Labour Act 2006, an adolescent is defined as a person above the age of 14 but below 18. According to the law, before the appointment of a job, ascertainment of the age, birth, school, or registered physician's certificate regarding the age of the adolescent shall be used. After the appointment, some other conditions shall have to be followed regarding working hours, hazardous works, etc. Adolescents shall not be required to work between 7 pm to 7a.m and the working hours shall not be more then 5 hours in a day and 32 hours in a week. In addition, adolescents shouldn't clean, lubricate of adjust any part of machinery in motion. Further, the employment of adolescents on dangerous machines without full instruction, precaution, and sufficient training, is prohibited. However, the proper implementation of existing regulations is questionable. For the smooth physical and mental development of adolescents, the authorities should implement the laws strictly to build up a healthy and prosperous generation. (Prepare a precis of the following text)
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