Compare are drift speed obtained above with (i) thermal speeds of copper atoms at ordinary temperatures (ii) speeds of propagation of electric field a

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Compare are drift speed obtained above with (i) thermal speeds of copper atoms at ordinary temperatures (ii) speeds of propagation of electric field a

Compare are drift speed obtained above with (i) thermal speeds of copper atoms at ordinary temperatures (ii) speeds of propagation of electric field along the conductor which causes the drift motion.

Monjur Alahi

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2025-01-04 04:42

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Salim Ahmed Kawsar · Accepted Answer · 2023-02-05T15:29:48+06:00

(i) At a temperature T,the thermal speed of a copper atom of mass M is obtained from `[ lt (1//2) M upsilon^(2) gt = (3//2) K_(B) T]` and is thus typically of the order of `sqrt(k_(B) T//M)`, where `K_(B)` is the Boltzmann constant. For copper at 300 K, this is about `2 xx 10^(2)` m//s. This figure indicates the random vibrational speed of copper atoms is a conduction. Note that the drift speed of electrons is much smaller, about `10^(-5)` times the typical thermal speed at ordinary temperatures.
(ii) An electiric field travelling along the conductor has a speed of an electromagnetic wave, namely equall to `3.0 xx 10^(8) m s^(-1)` The drift speed is in comparison, extremely small, smallar by a factor of `10^(-11)`