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X-ray emission spectroscopy is a form of X-ray spectroscopy in which the X-ray line spectra are measured with a spectral resolution sufficient to analyze the impact of the chemical environment on the X-ray line energy and on branching ratios.This is done by exciting electrons out of their shell and then watching the emitted photons of the recombinating electrons.
There are several types of XES and can be categorized as non-resonant XES , which includes K β {\displaystyle K_{\beta }} -measurements, valence-to-core -measurements, and -measurements, or as resonant XES , which includes XXAS+XES 2D-measurement, high-resolution XAS, 2p3d RIXS, and Mössbauer-XES-combined measurements. In addition, Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy is used in determining the electronic structure of materials.