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In statistics, a concordant pair is a pair of observations, each on two variables, and , having the property that
where "sgn" refers to whether a number is positive, zero, or negative. Specifically, the signum function, often represented as sgn, is defined as:
That is, in a concordant pair, both elements of one pair are either greater than, equal to, or less than the corresponding elements of the other pair.
In contrast, a discordant pair is a pair of two-variable observations such that
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