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VAP proteins are conserved integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum found in all eukaryotic cells. VAP stands for VAMP-associated protein, where VAMP stands for vesicle-associated membrane protein. Humans have two VAPs that consist of the essential Major Sperm Protein domain and linker plus transmembrane helix] to attach to the ER: VAPA and VAPB. A third VAP-like protein is Motile sperm domain containing 2 , which has all the elements of VAP, and like them binds FFAT motifs, but has at its N-terminus a CRAL-TRIO domain that can bind and transfer lipids.
VAP includes the whole family of protein homologues in all species. For example, baker's yeast expresses two VAPs: Scs2 and Scs22.
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