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Option 1 : Calcium gluconate
- Calcium gluconate is used as an antidote for magnesium toxicity.
- Dose is Calcium gluconate 1 g IV over 3 minutes. Repeat doses may be necessary in some cases.
- Calcium chloride can also be used in lieu of calcium gluconate. The used dose for calcium chloride for magnesium toxicity is 500 mg of 10% calcium chloride IV given over 5-10 minutes.
- Magnesium toxicity is diagnosed when the concentration of magnesium in the blood reaches 1.74 to 2.61 millimoles per liter.
Cardinal Signs of Magnesium Toxicity
- Visual changes
- Somnolence
- Flushing
- Muscle paralysis
- Loss of patellar reflexes
- Pulmonary edema
- Vitamin K -> IV dose has also been shown to be a safe and effective method of warfarin reversal and it is used as an antidote. Individuals anticoagulated with warfarin or heparin are mainly treated with specific antidotes such as vitamin K or protamine
- Naloxone -> is a drug that rapidly reverses opioid overdose. It is an opioid antagonist and it binds to opioid receptors and can reverse and block the effects of other opioids, such as heroin, and morphine.
- Hydralazine -> comes under the class of medications called vasodilators. It works by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily through the body. High blood pressure is a common condition and when not treated, can cause damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, kidneys and other parts of the body.
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