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Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

  1. Malaria, Cholera 
  2. Typhoid, Jaundice 
  3. Malaria, Jaundice 
  4. Typhoid, Cholera 
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Option 4 : Typhoid, Cholera 

Concept:

Disease:

  •  The disease is defined as any condition which impairs health or interferes with the normal functioning of the body.
  • It may be caused by some external agencies such as deficiency of nutrients, worms, viruses, bacteria, etc.

Acquired Diseases:

  • Acquired diseases are diseases that develop after birth and are known as acquired diseases.
  • These are two types-
    • Communicable Diseases
      • These diseases are caused by any infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, etc.
      • These diseases are infectious or transmissible and can spread from diseased persons to healthy persons using air, water, food, or by physical contact.
      • Examples- Tuberculosis, malaria, covid-19, influenza, etc.
    • Non- Communicable Diseases​
      • These diseases are neither present at birth nor spread from one person to another.
      • These diseases are non-infectious or not transmissible.
      • They may be caused by improper functioning of organs, hormonal imbalance
      • Examples- hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, anemia, goiter, etc.

Explanation:

Typhoid:

  • Typhoid is the most common communicable disease.
  • It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
  • This bacteria is commonly found in the intestine of man.
  • The bacteria are spread through contaminated water, fecal matter by house flies, etc.​

Cholera:

  • It is an acute diarrheal illness.
  • It is caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
  • It is spread through contaminated water and food, etc.

Jaundice:

  • It is a liver-related disease.
  • It is caused by a hepatitis virus.
  • The bacteria are spread through contaminated water, food, and infected needle

Malaria:

  • It is a dangerous communicable disease.
  • It is caused by the protozoa plasmodium.
  • It is spread by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito.

Thus, Typhoid, Cholera is a water-borne bacteria disease.

Human Disease

Causative Microorganism

Mode of transmission
Polio

   entero virus 

  water, food,milk

Chicken pox

Varicella zoster virus

direct contact

Tubrculosis 

bacteria tuberculosis

direct and indirect

Typhoid

Bacteria

Salmonella typhi

water

Measles

Rubella virus.

Air

Dengue

mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Mosquito 

  • Congenital diseases- Congenital diseases are caused due to defective development of embryos or defective inheritance.
    • Ex- Hemophilia, color blindness, etc.
  • Acute diseases occur suddenly and last for a shorter period.
  • Chronic diseases develop slowly over time in a body and may last for a lifetime.
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Related Questions

In the question below is given a statement followed by two courses of actions numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement, follow-up or further action in regard to the problem, policy, etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement to be true, then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing. Statement: The wastage of water is discouraged by all the nations across the globe. The water table is depleting and it is claimed that by 2050, there will be an acute shortage of water. Measures to harvest rainwater are being encouraged.  Courses of action: I. The amount of water to be used in households should be limited by all governments.  II. All domestic households should be advised to install rainwater harvesting systems and reuse of water should be promoted.?
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