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Option 2 : 1978

The correct answer is 1978.

  • The Immunization Programme introduced in India as the 'Expanded Programme of Immunization' (EPI) by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare was introduced in India in the year 1978.
  • It was renamed as Universal Immunization Programme in 1985 when its reach was expanded beyond urban areas.
  • The objective of the programme was:
    • To reduce morbidity and mortality from diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis and childhood tuberculosis by providing immunization services to all eligible children and pregnant women by 1990.

  • Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is one of the largest public health programmes targeting close to 2.67 crore newborns and 2.9 crore pregnant women annually.
  • It is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions and is largely responsible for the reduction of vaccine-preventable under-5 mortality rate.
  • Under UIP, immunization is provided free of cost against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases.
  • Nationally against 9 diseases - Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella, a severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B and Meningitis & Pneumonia caused by Hemophilus Influenza type B.
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