Which of the following are mainly used in the assessment for certification A. Term-end examination B. Summative examination C. Formal and Informal observation in class D. Diagnostic evaluation?

Option 1 : A and B only

Assessment is always considered an integral part of the teaching-learning process. The assessment reflects how well classroom instruction has been organized by teachers and how far learners have progressed in their learning. That’s why it is called a strategic tool for enhancing teaching and learning.

• Term-end examinations are also conducted at the end of the term. Both term-end and summative examination are synonyms to each other.
• Summative assessment\ examination is conducted to know the terminal behavior of the learner.
• The key word in summative assessment is “certification”. 
• A summative assessment is conducted after the completion of the whole course.
• Feedback provided in summative assessment is terminal in nature and can not be used for modification of learners’ behavior because it is conducted at the end of a term.
• Learners get certificates or are promoted to the higher class based on summative assessment.
• Different techniques and tools used in the summative assessment are verbal or non-verbal tests, and teacher-made or standardized tests.

Thus, it is concluded that Term-end examination and Summative examination are mainly used in the assessment for certification.

  Diagnostic Evaluation: It is the evaluation that is conducted along with formative evaluation during the instructional process. It is carried out based on the data obtained from the formative evaluation. Diagnostic evaluation is specially conducted for removing the learning difficulties of learners. The keyword in diagnostic evaluation is to solve learning difficulties.