Which part is known as 'conscience' of the Indian Constitution?

Option 2 : Fundamental Rights

The correct answer is - Fundamental Rights.

• The section on Fundamental Rights has often been referred to as the ‘conscience’ of the Indian Constitution. 
• Fundamental Rights protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the State.
• The Constitution, thus, guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as against other individuals. 
• There are six Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. These are: 
  1. Right to Equality (Article 14-18)
  2. Right to Freedom (Article 19-22)
  3. Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24)
  4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28)
  5. Cultural and Education as Rights (Article 29-30)

  6. Right to Constitution Remedies (Article 32)

Therefore, we can conclude that Fundamental Rights are known as 'conscience' of the Indian Constitution.