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  1. Nuclear density gauge method
  2. Water replacement method
  3. Sand replacement method
  4. Cassagrande's method
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1 Answers

Option 4 : Cassagrande's method

Explanation:

Methods to determine the in situ density of soil:

1) Core cutter method: 

  • It is a field method, suitable for soft and fine-grained clayey soil.
  • Not suitable for Stoney, gravely soil, and dry soil.

2) Sand displacement method:

  • Used for gravelly, sand, and dry soil.

3) Water displacement method:

  • Suitable for cohesive soil only and paraffin wax is used in it.

4) Rubber ballon method:

  • This volume of the pit is measured by covering the pit with a plastic sheet and then filling it with water.
  • Thus the weight of water calculated is equal to the volume of soil excavated.

5) Radiation method:

  • Used for finding the bulk density of in-situ soi.

 

Methods used for finding water content:

Method Properties
Oven drying method Most accurate method and is a standard laboratory method
Pycnometer method More suitable for cohesionless soil as removal of entrapped air from cohesive soil is difficult.
Sand bath method It is a rapid method, hence not very accurate
Torsion balance method Drying and weighing are done simultaneously, hence one of the accurate methods
Calcium carbide method Takes just 5-7 minutes and is used as a field test
Alcohol test It is a quick field test and is not used for soils containing calcium or organic compound
Radiation method Gives water content in an in-situ condition
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