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Option 3 : (a) and (b)
Pre number concepts can be developed in children during the preschool years. i.e. before attaining 7 years of age(before the concrete operation stage).These include:
- Matching leads to understanding the concept of one-to-one correspondence.
- Matching forms the basis for our number system. When a child can create “the same”, it then becomes possible to match two sets. This becomes a pre requisite skill for the more difficult tasks of conservation.
- Hierarchical Inclusion is a counting principle, sometimes referred to as the cardinal principle which is also related to pre-number concept formation in children.
- It is the understanding that numbers are nested inside of each other and that the number grows by one each count.
- On the other hand measurement is considered as number concept not a pre-number concept since it requires more cognitive ability as children can't compare the length of objects in their earlier stage.
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Counting, recognising and using numerals correctly, comparing numbers, measurement and operations on numbers are considered as number concepts which come after pre-number concepts.
Hence A & B are the correct options.
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