Roots that grow out from the tree trunk and which helps to support the tree are called:?

Buttress roots
- In many rainforests, trees have had to adapt or change over time in order to survive.
- Because the soil in many rainforests can be poor, tree roots often grow near the ground surface in order to get the nutrients it needs to grow.
- As the trees grow taller, the root system is not strong enough to support the trees.
- Buttress roots are aerial extensions of lateral surface roots and form only in certain species.
- Buttress roots stabilize the tree, especially in shallow saturated soils, thereby resisting toppling.
- They are common in certain tropical trees of wet lowland environments but, with few exceptions, such as bald cypress swamps, are largely absent in temperate trees.
- A diverse number of tree families and species develop buttress roots, suggesting that they are induced by the environment and are of some adaptive advantage.
- Buttress roots are characterized by thin (about 8–10 cm thick) plank-like extensions from the tree trunk.
- They may be as much as 3 meters (10 feet) tall and extend 3 meters laterally from the base of the tree.
- The radial diameter of the individual vessel elements and the amount of vessel area per unit cross-sectional area of xylem are reduced in buttress roots.
- The amount of cell-wall area is correspondingly increased, although the individual cell walls are somewhat thinner.

Roots
- Roots are the non-leaf part of a plant’s body that does not bear any nodes.
- It is the organ that lies below the surface of the soil.
- Roots can also be aerial i.e. growing above the surface of the ground or aerated which means floating over the surface of the water.
- Roots are responsible for providing the stems and the leaves with adequate water and nutrients for their growth.
Functions of the Roots
1. Anchor and Support
2. Absorption and Conduction
3. Transport
4. Storage
5. Photosynthesis
6. Aeration
7. Movement
8. Reproduction

Types of Roots

Types of Roots	Characteristics
Fibrous Roots	Fibrous roots grow from the base of the stem. They are underground. They are present in the form of clusters of similar-sized roots. The primary root is replaced by adventitious roots. They do not penetrate deep into the soil.
Taproots	Taproots develop from the radical of an embryo. They are always under the surface of the soil. They have one main root (primary root) with branches that grow in an acropetal manner. The primary root remains throughout the life of the plant. They act as deep feeders, that is, they penetrate deep into the soil.
Adventitious Roots	They can be underground or aerial (above the ground). They grow from intermodal, stem nodes, and leaves. Adventitious roots arise under stress conditions such as waterlogging after floods. They develop in cases of plant injury. They can increase the survival chances of a plant as the plant propagates itself with the assistance of adventitious roots.
Creeping Roots	These roots do not penetrate deep into the soil. They are shallow and spread a long way horizontally from the base of the plant.
Tuberous Roots	They are very thick roots. They store significant amounts of food to feed the whole plant. They are fleshy, enlarged, and modified storage organs. They are modified from the stem
Water Roots	These types of roots grow in water. They are finer and more brittle. They have the capability to allow oxygen from the atmosphere to diffuse which is then used by the roots for metabolism and growth.
Parasite Roots	These are types of roots that attach themselves to the other plant and suck nutrients from it. They do not offer any benefit to the host plant. Instead, they cause serious damage, hence the name, parasite roots.