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Option 1 : Permanent settlement system, Ryotwari settlement system, Mahalwari settlement system.
The Correct Answer is Permanent settlement system, Ryotwari settlement system, Mahalwari settlement system.
- Permanent Settlement System:
- The Zamindars were made owners of the land where they earlier have been revenue collectors.
- Since the settlement was made with the zamindars, it is known as the Zamindari Settlement.
- The demand for land revenue was fixed and out of controlled revenue (10/11)th part was given to the company.
- Sunset clause was also added for zamindars by the company.
- It was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis through the Permanent Settlement Act 1793.
- Ryotwari Settlement System:
- It was introduced by Thomas Munro and Reed in 1820.
- This settlement was directly made with peasants who were called as Ryots, thus the settlement came to be known as Ryotwari.
- The peasants were made owners of the land and were given Patta.
- The rate of revenue was too high, almost 50 % of the standard production in some of the areas.
- It was not fixed forever but could be revised after 20-30 years.
- The company retained the right to increase the revenue during revision.
- Mahalwari Settlement System:
- It was introduced by Holt Mackenzie and R.M.Bird in 1822.
- Under this system, several villages were grouped together and referred to as Mahal and the individual was made responsible for the payment of revenue from his mahal.
- Revenue was not fixed forever and could be revised after 20-30 years.
- It is also known as “Temporary Zamindari Settlement”.
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