Which of the following are true in the context of Swadeshi movement in 1905 1. Massive demonstrations were held in Bengal 2. Hartal was observed in Calcutta 3. The movement was initiated by the moderates, but was taken over by the revolutionary nationalists at a later stage Select the correct answer using the code given below:?

Option 1 : 1, 2 and 3

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

• The Swadeshi movement finds its roots in the Partition of Bengal in 1905.
• It was an anti-partition movement by moderate leaders like Surendra Nath Banerjee and Krishna Kumar Mitra.
• The movement was launched on August 7, 1905, after a mass demonstration at the town hall, Calcutta.
• On the day of Raksha Bandhan, Hindus and Muslims tied rakhis on the wrists of each other as a symbol of fraternity.
• After the partition of Bengal on October 16, 1905, a hartal was observed in Calcutta and it was declared a day of national mourning.
• The demonstrations were held in the whole of Bengal and people were asked to use Swadeshi products and boycott British products.
• Later along with a boycott of British products the people started boycotting the British services like postal service, courts, schools, and colleges, etc.
• But by the beginning of 1908, the movement had faded out due to a lack of leadership and suppression by the British government.
• The frustration in the youth of Bengal caused by the suppression of this movement led them towards revolutionary nationalism instead of passive boycott only.