1. To control failure due to piping by high value of exit gradient
  2. To control failure due to scour
  3. To stop failure due to sliding
  4. To stop failure due to uplift pressure
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Option 1 : To control failure due to piping by high value of exit gradient

Water that percolates through earth dams and their foundations can carry soil particles that are free to migrate. The seepage forces tend to cause the erodible soil to move towards the downstream face of the dam and can cause failure of the dam which is known as piping failure. Downstream sheet pile is used to control failure due to piping.
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