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Option 3 : Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2. The Barabar Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India, mostly dating from the Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE), some with Ashokan inscriptions, located in the Jahanabad district, Bihar, 24 km north of Gaya. These rock-cut chambers date back to the 3rd century BC, Maurya period, of Ashoka (r. 273-232 BCE) and his son Dasaratha Maurya. Though Buddhists themselves, they allowed various Jain sects to flourish under a policy of religious tolerance. The caves were used by ascetics from the Ajivika sector.
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