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Option 1 : 52nd Constitutional amendment
- Anti defection law was added to the Constitution by the 52nd amendment in 1985.
- The amendment also added the 10th schedule to the constitution. If a member switches his/her loyalty to another party from which he was not elected, his/her case shall be treated under this law.
| Fundamental Right | Article Number |
| Right to equality | 14-18 |
| Right to freedom | 19-22 |
| Right against exploitation | 23-24 |
| Right to freedom of religion | 25-28 |
| Cultural and Educational rights | 29-30 |
| Right to constitutional remedies | 32-35 |
| Amendment Act | Changes made |
| 41st amendment act | Chairman and members of the State Public Service Commissions retiring age changed from 60 to 62 years(article 316). |
| 42nd amendment act | "Socialist" and "Integrity" added to Preamble, new directive principles of state policy added(Article 39A,43A,48A). |
|
44th amendment act |
Right to property, not a fundamental right. It has been shifted from Article 31 to 300A. |
| 61th amendment act | Changed eligible voters age from 21 to 18 years. |
| 69 amendment act | Delhi was made the National Capital territory. It was awarded partial statehood and provided for a legislative assembly. |
| 86th amendment act | The right to education was made a fundamental right(Article 21A). |
| 101 amendment act | Introduction of Goods and service tax. |
| 103 amendment act | Economically weaker section 10% reservation. |
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