Which of the following can be a reason for the delay in the monsoon 1. El Nino 2. Cyclonic Formation 3. Western disturbances 4. Madden Julian Oscillations Select the correct answer using the code given below.?

Option 4 : 1, 2, 3 and 4

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. 1, 2, 3 and 4.

• Madden Julian Oscillation is an eastward-moving disturbance of winds, clouds, rainfall and pressure.
  • It circles the planet along the tropical belt for 30-80 days.
  • During this time, it intensifies over three regions- the eastern Indian Ocean, south of maritime continents and the western Pacific Ocean and transfers the part of its energy to the underlying ocean.
  • It is a low-pressure system that facilitates the cyclone formation over the Indian Ocean and increases the temperature and thus lowers the high pressure, which delays the monsoon.
• The formation of the cyclone during monsoon season indicates temperature difference between land and sea reduced.
  • This can cause monsoon winds to not move forward.
• El Nino is an abnormal warming of sea surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru in South America.
  • It leads to deficit rainfall and delay in the onset of monsoon.
• Western disturbances delay the heating of Indian landmasses and lead to the development of weak low pressure on the Tibetan plateau and cause a delay in the monsoon.